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Badhyz State Nature Reserve

摘要: Justification of Outstanding Universal Value  The site suggested is characterized by a combination of unique natural features: relict pistachio savannas, ancient extinct volcano, brackish seasonal lak

Justification of Outstanding Universal Value

  The site suggested is characterized by a combination of unique natural features: relict pistachio savannas, ancient extinct volcano, brackish seasonal lake, rocky badlands, sandy and other types of deserts and semi deserts; and as well as high biodiversity, harbours a significant quantity of endemic, rare and endangered species of flora and fauna.

  Badhyz State Reserve and the surrounding sanctuaries were established in 1941 for the purpose of the conservation and restoration of the native population of Kulan Equus hemionus and the largest natural pistachio Pistacia badhysi forests in Eurasia covering more then 40 000 hectares. From 250 individuals at that time the Kulan population today has reached 1 000-1 500 heads. The site also holds also 4,500-5,000 individuals of Goitered Gazelle Gazella subgutturosa up to 1 000 Afghan Urial Ovis orientalis cycloceros and Turkmen wild goat Capra aegagrus turkmenica all listed as Vulnerable by IUCN.

  The site is an Important Bird Area (IBA) and supports a unique complex of bird species and is especially important for such IUCN threatened species as Cinereous Vulture Aegypius monachus (NT), Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus (EN), Saker Falcon Falco cherrug (EN), Lesser Kestrel Falco naumanni (VU) and Houbara Bustard Chlamydotis undulate (VU). Other key breeding species are Griffon Vulture Gyps fulvus, Short-toed Snake-eagle Circaetus gallicus, Long-legged Buzzard Buteo rufinus, Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos, Barbary Falcon Falco pelegrinoides, Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus, Eurasian Thick-knee Burhinus oedicnemus, Cream-coloured Courser Cursorius cursor and Red-wattled Lapwing Vanellus indicus. Wintering species include Steppe Eagle Aquila nipalensis and Eastern Imperial Eagle A. heliaca (VU). Many birds of prey nest in the pistachio groves and on the steep cliffs. The pistachio groves also provide breeding habitat for many warblers (Sylvidae), Black-billed Magpie Pica pica, Eastern Rock-nuthatch Sitta tephronota and four species of shrike (Lanidae), including Bay-backed Shrike Lanius vittatus, for which this is the only site in the countries of Central Asia. In general, the avifauna is formed by 47 resident species, 68 breeding migrants, 43 migratory and wintering species and 97 passage migrants.

  In addition there is a unique geological/geomorphological feature: an inland depression basin called "Eroylanduz" (Turkmen for "Land of salt springs") in the Southern part of the Badhyz Reserve. In the Jurassic period the area was a plain with tropical mesophilous conditions. During the Cretaceous period it was flooded by the sea. In the Palaeogene period dry land was formed once again. Therefore marine sediments from the Oligocene period are not known here.

  Criteria (vii): Superlative natural phenomena of natural beauty and aesthetic importance

  The complex of savannah landscapes and rolling hills is extremely beautiful. The Eroylanduz depression is a spectacular and surreal "moonscape" with jet black volcanic intrusions contrasting starkly with brilliant white salt flats. An ancient rock bridge (Pulikhatum) can be found as well as artificial caverns with multi-story dwellings of ancient man, partly destroyed as a result of erosion. The scenery has been likened to an Asian version of the Serengeti/Ngorongoro ecosystem.

  Criterion (ix): Ecological processes / ecosystems

  Badhyz is the best-preserved natural arid grassland ecosystem in Central Asia, and is sufficiently large to allow the maintenance of natural ecological processes such as speciation and succession. Biogeographically it is classed as a Cold Winter Desert biome, in which there are currently no other WH sites and is part of the Turanian Biogeographic Province, also currently unrepresented in WH sites.

  Criterion (x): Biodiversity and threatened species

  Badhyz lies just a few km to the south of the junction of two Global 200 ecoregions, the Caucasus-Anatolian-Hyrcanian Temperate Forest and Central Asian Desert (the latter currently un-represented in the WH network) and thus contains many of the key species associated with them. The Badhyz area hosts globally significant populations of many flagship threatened ungulate species - including kulan (EN), Afghan urial, Goitered gazelle and Turkmen wild goat (all VU) which are unique to the Central Asian region. It also harbours a small population of the North Persian leopard -. It has high numbers of endemic plants, and is located in the Mountains of Middle Asia CPD. It also is a breeding site for a number of globally threatened and near threatened bird species such as Egyptian Vulture and Saker Falcon (both EN), Houbara Bustard (VU - 30-35 breeding pairs) and Cinereous Vulture (NT - at least 14 breeding pairs).


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