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Hazar State Nature Reserve

摘要: Description  The proposed site consists of a group of protected areas on the south-east coast of the Caspian Sea and covers Turkmenbashi, Balkhan, North Cheleken and Mikhailov bays, which range from r

Description

  The proposed site consists of a group of protected areas on the south-east coast of the Caspian Sea and covers Turkmenbashi, Balkhan, North Cheleken and Mikhailov bays, which range from relatively deep to shallow. They are bordered by sandy and shelly spits and there are several islands, which are overgrown with halophytes and have coastal marshes. The largest of them is Dagada, which is 120 ha in area. The climate is continental with wide ranges in daily and seasonal temperatures and low precipitation levels (100-120mm a year). The annual average temperature is 15.8°C, the monthly average for July is 28°C, that for January is -4°C; the recorded maximum is +47°C and the recorded minimum is -21°C. The area is frost-free for 240-270 days a year. The prevailing north-westerly winds bring coolness in summer and frosts in winter. South-easterly winds bring warm air in winter and very hot weather in summer. Five dominant aquatic plant species at the site - eelgrass, tassel-weed, pondweeds and Arabis - occur on the sandy soils and at depths to 4-5 m. There is a high diversity of algae (macrophytes) in the bays consisting of green algae (28 species), red algae (11 species) and kelp or brown algae (one species), which accumulate along the coast and at depths to 6m. Hundreds of species of microscopic algae can be found in the plankton and benthos. These are mainly diatoms, cyanobacteria, dinoflagellates and green algae. The site is situated a little to the south-east of Turkmenbashi, a port town with a population of more than 80 000 people. Oil-refining plays a dominant role in the local economy. Transport infrastructure is also well developed. The Hazar State Nature Reserve was previously (1968-1994) known as Krasnovodskiy State Nature Reserve. In 1994 a large island in the Caspian Sea -Ogurchinskiy Sanctuary as included in the Reserve.

  The total area of the Hazar State Nature Reserve is 268 037 ha and consists of:

  1. Hazar State Nature Reserve - 261 037 ha featuring the

  1.1 Hazar section (191 337 ha)

  1.2 Esenguly section (69 700 ha)

  2. Ogurchinskiy State Sanctuary - 7 000 ha.

  The conservation zone of the Hazar Reserve includes all the area of water of Turkmenbashi and North-Cheleken Bays, a buffer zone of salt marshes around them, North-Cheleken spit, islands in Michailovskiy Bay, and Dag-Ada Island in the North-East corner of Turkmenbashi Bay.

  The Hazar State Nature Reserve and its Sanctuaries are under the management of the Ministry of Nature Protection of Turkmenistan.

  The condition of the site as a wetland and the dynamics of bird numbers depend on processes linked to changes in the level of the Caspian Sea. Over the last 10-15 years the area of the wetland has increased significantly. Since 2006, a UNDP/GEF project on the "Conservation and sustainable use of globally significant biological diversity in the Hazar State Nature Reserve on the Caspian Sea coast" has been carried out, strengthening the management and protection regime of the site and adjacent areas, improving staff capacity through training and promoting the sustainable use of natural resources in currently unprotected areas around the buffer zone of the site. The development of ecotourism is possible in the near future. The Hazar State Nature Reserve was a Ramsar site under the Soviet Union (from 1978-1991) and is about to be re-nominated after Turkmenistan joins the Ramsar Convention in 2009.


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