摘要: Description　　The property is located in Rusafa side of the capital, Baghdad, and occupies an important and vital role on the eastern side of the Tigris river and extends about (7.57) hectares. Baghdad

Description

　　The property is located in Rusafa side of the capital, Baghdad, and occupies an important and vital role on the eastern side of the Tigris river and extends about (7.57) hectares. Baghdadgot advantage the Tigris River penetrate geographical area and its impacto n the natural environment and urban and social since its establishment in the second century AH eighth AD at the hands of its founder, the Abbasid Caliph Abu Jafar al-Mansur (136-158) AH, and so far, and the banks of the river is considered the right place for the growth of urban communities (as points of attraction for many of the activities), which its image differedand changed according to the requirements and conditions of each era. The property has been selected for containin gold urban blocks of historical characteristics played an important and prominent role in the ancient Iraq 's political and religious history, particularly in the Abbasid era during the sixteenth and seventeenth AH / twelfth and thirteenth century AD and the period of Ottoman occupation through three centuries of a thousand eleventh and thirteenth AH /seventeenth and eighteenth century AD, and some of which still leads its job such as mosques and turning some others by the time in modern times to important cultural and tourist shrines on the banks of the river. The property includes buildings classified mostly as a national heritage and as the effect of the duty of protection under the Iraqi Antiquities Law No. 36 for the year 1924. No. 55 and published in the Official Gazette in Iraq.

　　The following buildings of the property by the sequence pillar of its geographical location with historical periods reflected by the architecture in Baghdad:

　　- AL- Mustansiriya School / Architecture of Abbasid period in the seventh century of migration.

　　- Alasifyah mosque/ Architecture period of Ottoman occupation in the first century.

　　- AL-Wazeer Mosque / Architecture period of Ottoman occupation in second century A H Arashdiya military yard secondary military school / Architecture period of Ottoman occupation in the third century A. H.

　　- The old building of ASaray complex: / Architecture period of Ottoman occupation in second century A H

　　*TheBuilding of AL- Qishleh and the clock tower.

　　* The old building of the Council of Ministers.

　　* Gateway of As-saray and building thereto.

　　* Building of the old General Police.

　　* Governor House (Dar Al-Wali).

　　- Bait Al-Hikma (Al-Aliya school) / Architecture period of Ottoman occupation in the second century A. H.

　　- Abbasid palace (ASharabeyaschool) Architecture of the Abbasid era A.H.In the sixth and seventh century A.H.

　　Al-Mustansiriya school building: The school of Al-Mustansiriya created in 625 AH / (1227) AD, at the hands of the Abbasid Caliph al-Mustansir (623 AH - 640 AH / 1226 AD -1242 AD) on the eastern side of Baghdad, on the bank of the Tigris River considers the oldest universities in the Arab and Muslim universities that has taught Islamic jurisprudence according to the four schools. In terms of planning and architecture, Mustansiriya buildings of the vast area surrounded by rooms and Ewan represent an integrated system followed in the construction of many schools later, either in terms of decoration and Riyazh and architectural elements. It is indicative of the extent of the system and artistic flair high and development architect, which reached perfection of construction at the time stemming from a deep understanding of the surrounding environment and natural resources available and employed to meet the needs of humanity.

　　Alasifyah Mosque: The current mosque was built by the Ottoman governor Daoud Pasha in 1825. The whole area is 400 m2 and accommodates 500 worshipers. It has combined the large oratory by two domes and built at its sides two minarets. Renewedin year 1384 AH / 1964 AD by the Department of Awqaf and still held a prayer in addition to festivals and religious events and Koran courses.

　　Al-wazir Mosque (The minister mosque): This mosque was built by Walli of Baghdad the minister Hassan Pasha, who took over the mandate of Baghdad (1003-1012 AH / 1594-1603 AD).The mosque has witnessed since its construction in 1008 AH / 1599 AD restoration and reconstruction work. Where the minister (Hassan Pasha) reconstruction of what might demolish the mosque during his reign (1052-1054 AH / 1642-1644 AD). An army officer named Ahmed Agha has ordered to rebuild the western side of the mosque and the high dome built upon and expanded it in (1089 AH / 1686 AD) and renewed inclusive architecture in the new era of Hassan Pasha, who ruled from the period (116 AH / 1136AD). Finally, the Ministry of Awqaf built it after injury and demolish under the supervision of Antiquities and heritage to take the approach of what it is now.

　　AL-Arashdiya military school building (the old courts): It was the first of the schools held in Iraq during the Ottoman era year 1287 AH / 187 AH in reign of the governor Medhat Pasha. But it was completed in time Marshal Fawzi Year 1296 AH. The school building is occupied a piece of land is rectangular in shape measured (76 m × 58 m), consists of two floors. The architecture of the property represents a transition period from basement architecture in the Ottoman period and vaulted by wood to iron bridges in the early period of the British occupation.

　　The old ASaray buildings complex:

　　Al-Qushla Building: The Qishleh building is one of a series of historical heritage buildings along the bank of the Tigris River. Architecture of the building affected during periods of Ottoman rule and the British occupation (1914 - 1958 AD) in Iraq and illustrated by the additions to the building, materials, construction & roofing techniques used forefront of landmarks that reflect the emergence of a renaissance and civilization of society and reflect identity of Iraqi Baghdadi. This building possesses a group of constituents, including jobs carried out and events witnessed and geographical location and the way built it all paid off protection and maintenance.

　　Tower and clock of Al- Qishleh: The beautiful clock of Al- Qishleh with its slim tower was built after building Al-Qishleh. The military barracks of the Ottomans in the time of the Ottoman governor (Namik Basha), completed during the reign of (Medhat Pasha) (1868 AD) to wake the soldiers to the times military training. The clock of Qishleh was a wonder, the Baghdadis did not see clock placed above this altitude and beacon four aspects. At the peak indicator of iron shows the direction of the wind. It is important to note here that the clock has been donated by the king of Britain's George V to the Iraqi government. This gifting written inside.

　　ASaray Gateway (Ewan ASaray) and the building thereto: This building features that depend on the facade of successive arcs and side fillings and the surrounding frame, which is an extension of the prevailing models in building gates of Baghdad in the Abbasid era, such as the school gate of Al-Mustansiriya and Al–Marjaniya and the Abbasid palace. The Ewan is of Iraqi models for suitability atmosphere of Iraq, which is similar to Ewan Dar Koran in school Mustansiriya and Ewan Abbasid palace, but differs by inlaying with copper, also above the Dome of the gate a small dome to bring light, this bricks decorations and stalactites prominent and manipulation and the play to put bricks to create geometric shapes is a tradition that was common in the Abbasid era.

　　The old building of the Council of Ministers: The building dates back to the period of the British occupation and the monarchy in Iraq, 1921 - the building is rectangular in shape of two floors mediating an open courtyard surrounded by rooms and halls, in this building effects of the Arab - Islamic architecture is evident by using arches and domes in the four corners of the building from the inside on the ground floor and the effects of building of the British occupation using iron roofing with bricks in the rooms and halls in the two floors.

　　Al-Wali House (Ministry of knowledge): The area of land on which constructed about 1000 m2. This construction was built in the first half of the sixteenth century, during the Ottoman rule of Iraq, and was the residence of the governor and his followers. It is one of the heritage buildings with architectural characteristics in square shape of two floors in the middle an open garden surrounded by halls and rooms of different areas on the floor ground and first floor contains a portico based on wooden poles overlooking the garden moderation. It is evident in the building effects of architecture of the British occupation through style roofing iron and bricks along with the remnants of the effects of Arab architecture of two small domes in one of the large halls of the building.

　　Industries School (House of Wisdom): Industries school (Al-Sanai school) constructed on the orders of the governor Med hat Pasha in the position of school building AL-alia (established by the governor Ali Pasha Katakhda1176/ 1762). It is a rectangular building of two stores measuring 64 m × 29 m. Entrance occupies the southern facade and leads to space vaulted dome hemispherical, the building includes rooms and halls with arches semi-circular overlooking the corridors is based on the columns and vaults semi-circular open to the gardens confined between parts of the building. The school building still stands tall in order to play its scientific role through the ages.

　　Abbasid palace: It is one of the important archaeological buildings in Baghdad, in the second Abbasid era. The researchers attributed its built to Khalifa Al-Nasser Le Deen Allah (575-623 AH / 1179-1225 AD), known in Dar Almsnah is like a science House. And the Palace Musnah built of brick and lime on the Tigris River which is an extension to the school Al-Mustansiriya school .The decorations of the Abbasid palace remaining distinct from other Arab decorations.