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5000-500 B.C

• 3200 Horse domesticated on south Russian steppe.

• 3000 Minoan civilization starts, the earliest in Europe.

• 3000 Silk first produced in China.

• 3000 Sumerians develop first writing system.

• 2500 Domestication of the Bactrian and Arabian camel, vital for desert travel.

• 1700 Horse-drawn chariot introduced in Near East.

• 1500 Iron technology developed in Asia Minor.

• 1500 Seminomadic stockbreeding tribes inhaabit steppes.

• 900 Spread of mounted nomadism.

• 753 Rome founded.

• 707 Cimmerians, earliest-known mounted nomads, defeat kingdom of Urartu in Near East.

• 900-700 Scythians and Sarmatians appear in the northern steppes - two of the first races learn to ride horses and wear trousers. stirrup.

• 600s Zoroaster born in Persia.

• 560s Buddha born in Nepal.

• 550 Achaemenid Empire established in Persia.

• 500s Chinese adopt nomadic style, wear trousers and ride horses.

• 450 Herodotus visits Greek trading colony of Olbia to gather information on Scythians.

• 551-479 Confucius born in China.

• Empire of Alexander the Great expands into Asia. Greek culture into Central Asia.

• Roman expansion begins.

• Greco-Bactrian kingdom develops in Central Asia.

• Parthians establish their empire in Iran.

• Qin dynasty unites the entire China for the first time.

• Chinese complete Great Wall as defense against the northern nomads' invasion.

• Han dynasty overthrows Qin and develops its vast empire.

• Buddhism begins to spread north. Gandhara art type emerges and starts a new art style - Serindian.

• Paper first made in China.

• Achaemenid Empire of Persia.

• Stirrup appears in Indian and Central Asia

• Greek city-states come under Roman rule.

• The Xiongnu, later called Huns rise to power in Central Asia and invade Chinese western border regions.

• Han Emperor, Wu-ti's interests in Central Asia cause him to command the Chang Ch'ien expeditions to the West, (Fergana and the Yueh-chih). Celestial Horses introduced to China.

• Han power reaches Tarim region. The Silkroad under China's control and the route to the West now open.

• Mithridates, Parthian king, sends ambassadors to both Sulla and Wu-ti to provide an important link between Rome and China.

• Parthians defeat Romans at Carrhae. One of the most disastrous in Roman history.

• Roman conquers Gaul.

• Egypt under Roman rule. Gives Rome access to Red Sea and Spice Route trade.

• Rome officially becomes an empire.

• Silk first seen in Rome.

• Buddhism begins to spread from India into Central Asia.

• Roman Syria develops the technique of blowing glass. The industry expands.

• Kushan Empire of Central Asia. Sogdians trading on Silk Route.

• Xiongnu raids upset Chinese power in Tarim region.