《世界遗产气候行动最新政策文件》阐述了四类气候行动措施，并给出了这些措施在国际、国家、遗产地三个尺度上的实践建议。该文件不仅为具有突出普遍价值的遗产的保护与保存提供了高级别的指导，而且在气候变化的大背景下，拓展了遗产价值与保护知识体系，展现出遗产保护在气候变化领域的国际探索以及指南构建。

国际遗产气候行动历经了从关注气候变化对世界遗产的影响，到聚焦具体保护措施的发展历程。与此前的遗产气候行动相关文件相比，《世界遗产气候行动最新政策文件》呈现出一个更为详尽且更新的政策框架。具体而言，它在上一版本的基础上，整合了成员国的反馈以及联合国秘书处等方面的修改意见。该文件不仅提出了到 2030 年的气候行动目标，还在实施层面给予了更为具体且具操作性的指导，充分体现了适应和减缓行动的具体化，例如通过整合气候行动措施、发展地方气候情景模拟能力、推广低碳旅游等。同时，该文件的政策和行动框架主要围绕世界遗产这一特定范畴展开，其目的在于确保世界遗产的突出普遍价值得到维护，在指导世界遗产相关的气候行动，如评估气候变化风险、制定适应和缓解策略等方面具备更高的针对性。  

此外，与其他国际文件类似，《世界遗产气候行动最新政策文件》强调在面对气候变化时，既需要融入当地社区和土著知识以提升社会复原力，同时也需要构建涵盖遗产保护、遗产管理、气候科学等跨学科知识体系，并促进多部门行动协同。

归根结底，因为气候变化是全球性问题，所以不能孤立地保护世界遗产使其免受气候变化的影响。该政策文件既强调在空间层面开展跨遗产地气候专题行动，又指出国际社会应在资金和技术方面对发展中国家予以支持，以此推动可持续的世界遗产气进程。

At the General Assembly of States Parties to the World Heritage Convention held in Paris in November 2023, UNESCO adopted the Updated Policy Document on Climate Action for World Heritage. The document emphasizes the urgency and importance of protecting World Heritage properties from the impacts of climate change and provides guidance to States Parties and stakeholders on concrete actions to be taken, as well as the need to strengthen international cooperation and promote synergies in the context of climate change. As an international guidance in the field of climate action for heritage, it provides an overall framework for States Parties to make measurable progress in climate action for World Heritage.

The Updated Policy Document on Climate Action for World Heritage recognizes that climate change is already threatening many World Heritage properties, both in terms of their integrity and authenticity, as well as the economic and social development and life quality of heritage communities. The document sets out a long-term vision for the future of climate action for heritage and establishes a set of objectives for climate action for World Heritage towards 2030 to guide States Parties through enhanced cooperation and effective synergistic implementation based on national contexts.

Climate Action focuses on responses to the threat of climate change within the framework of World Heritage Convention and based on the latest scientific and political developments, including assessment of climate change risks to World Heritage properties, climate change adaptation, climate change mitigation, as well as knowledge sharing, capacity building and awareness.

When assessing climate change risks to World Heritage properties, it is necessary to develop climate vulnerability and risk indicators at national level and establish baseline data for World Heritage properties, which can be used to assess and track risks through climate risk models; besides, it’s helpful to identify thematic initiatives at the regional level (across States Parties), such as the development of risk and vulnerability maps for regions and sub-regions by overlaying of climate data and the location of World Heritage properties. Climate change adaptation should not only analyze the characteristics of specific hazards (type, frequency, spatial distribution, etc.), but also take into account the exposure of various components of the World Heritage properties to these hazards, as well as the related vulnerability factors (physical, social, economic, institutional, etc.). Climate change mitigation encourages States Parties to aim for a transition towards low-emission greenhouse gas alternatives as soon as possible, including in the aspects of built environment, land use management, life cycle assessment (LCA) and tourism. For example, the carbon footprint of a product or service can be systematically evaluated through LCA to monitor greenhouse gas emissions from tourism at World Heritage properties and identify mitigation initiatives such as energy-efficient visitor facilities. Finally, multi-participant engagement with decision-makers, stakeholders, local communities, heritage experts, etc., could be promoted thus obtaining technical and financial assistance and enhancing connected knowledge and skills regarding World Heritage conservation under climate change.

To address the challenges effectively, the document puts forward advice on the implementation at three levels: World Heritage Committee-level, national-level and World Heritage property-level, and identifies the enabling conditions in governance, finance and technological innovations, with a view to advancing the World Heritage process in the context of climate change.

The Updated Policy Document on Climate Action for World Heritage sets out four types of climate action and practical suggestions for these measures at the three levels of international, national and properties. It not only provides high-level guidance on the conservation and preservation of properties of outstanding universal value, but also expands the knowledge on heritage values and conservation in the context of climate change, reflecting the international exploration and guidelines construction on heritage protection under climate change. 

International heritage climate action has evolved from focusing on the impacts of climate change on World Heritage properties to specific conservation measures. The Update Policy Document on Climate Action for World Heritage presents a more detailed and updated policy framework than the previous related documents. Based on the previous version, it incorporates feedback from Member States and modifications from the UN Secretariat. The document not only proposes climate action goals for 2030, but also provides more concrete and operational guidance on implementation, which elaborates on adaptation and mitigation of climate change specifically, such as the integration of climate action measures, the development of local capacity for climate scenario modelling, and the promotion of low-carbon tourism. The document also provides policies and actions for the promotion of low-carbon tourism. Moreover, as the document is centered on World Heritage properties, with the aim of ensuring desirable protection of Outstanding Universal Value, it is more relevant in guiding climate action related to World Heritage properties, such as the assessment of climate change risks and the development of adaptation and mitigation strategies.  

Furthermore, similar to other international documents, the Updated Policy Document on Climate Action for World Heritage emphasizes the integration of local communities and indigenous knowledge in order to enhance social resilience in the face of climate change, as well as interdisciplinary knowledge systems covering conservation, heritage management, climate science, etc. to promote synergistic multisectoral action.

Ultimately, as climate change is a global issue, World Heritage properties cannot be protected from its impacts separately. The document emphasizes both spatial dimension of cross-site climate thematic actions and the need for the international community to support developing countries financially and technologically as a means of contributing to a sustainable World Heritage climate process.