文博信息

《国际古迹遗址理事会(ICOMOS)国际文化遗产旅游宪章》(2021)中英对照版发布

摘要: 2022年3月,《国际古迹遗址理事会(ICOMOS)国际文化遗产旅游宪章:通过负责任和可持续的旅游管理,加强文化遗产保护及社区韧性》(2021)草案已通过ICOMOS委员会审议,将在2022年IOCOMOS年会上作为一项重要决议进行表决并颁布。新的《宪章》对《国际古迹遗址理事会国际文化旅游宪章》(1999)进行了全面的修订和更新,除了认识到旅游业对文化遗产地和旅游 ...

2022年3月,《国际古迹遗址理事会(ICOMOS)国际文化遗产旅游宪章:通过负责任和可持续的旅游管理,加强文化遗产保护及社区韧性》(2021)草案已通过ICOMOS委员会审议,将在2022年IOCOMOS年会上作为一项重要决议进行表决并颁布。


新的《宪章》对《国际古迹遗址理事会国际文化旅游宪章》(1999)进行了全面的修订和更新,除了认识到旅游业对文化遗产地和旅游目的地的过度开发外,《宪章》的制定以联合国可持续发展目标(SDGs)的提出为背景,考虑到全球气候变化危机、环境退化、冲突、灾害、新冠肺炎疫情的灾难性影响,关注社区韧性、大众旅游、数字化转型和技术发展,提出了四大目标和七条准则。


和上一版本的宪章相比,新的《宪章》特别认识到了遗产地旅游业的指数级增长背景下,旅游业的变迁导致对包括文化和自然遗产在内的全球资源从根本上不可持续利用的问题。致力于重新调整一直以来以经济增长为基础的旅游方式,妥善规划和负责任地管理文化遗产旅游。新的《宪章》尤其强调负责任旅游的概念,突出长期主义和可持续性,倡导树立并增强文化遗产意识,为增进个人及社区的福祉和增强社区韧性提供机会。


《宪章》的中文翻译由中国古迹遗址保护协会青年委员、国际古迹遗址理事会国际文化旅游科学委员会副主席、深圳大学风景园林系副主任张柔然副教授翻译,协会秘书处组织校对。《宪章》中文初稿翻译由国际古迹遗址理事会国际文化旅游科学委员会青年专业人员项目组钟映秋、刘国桥、王家宁完成。


[Proposed Final Draft] ICOMOS International Charter for Cultural Heritage Tourism (2021): Reinforcing cultural heritage protection and community resilience through responsible and sustainable tourism management  


Approved by the ICOMOS ADCOMSC and ADCOM the 27th October and 3rd November 2021. To be adopted at the ICOMOS General Assembly 2022 


Preamble


Profound growth and disruption in global tourism, including cultural heritage tourism, has necessitated the revision of the ICOMOS International Charter for Cultural Tourism (1999). The process has resulted in this ICOMOS International Charter for Cultural Heritage Tourism (2021): Reinforcing cultural heritage protection and community resilience through responsible and sustainable tourism management (hereinafter “the Charter”), which complements and updates the previous one. In addition to recognizing the intensified tourism use of cultural heritage places and destinations, this Charter addresses increasing concerns about the degradation of cultural heritage along with social, ethical, cultural, environmental and economic rights issues associated with tourism.


In this Charter, cultural heritage tourism refers to all tourism activities in heritage places and destinations, including the diversity and interdependence of their tangible, intangible, cultural, natural, past and contemporary dimensions. This Charter recognizes heritage as a common resource, understanding that the governance and enjoyment of these commons are shared rights and responsibilities.


Participation in cultural life with access to cultural heritage is a human right. However, some evolved aspects of tourism have constituted fundamentally unsustainable uses of planetary resources, including cultural and natural heritage. This calls for a charter that advocates responsible and diversified cultural tourism development and management contributing to cultural heritage preservation; community empowerment, social resilience and wellbeing; and a healthy global environment.


Properly planned and responsibly managed cultural heritage tourism, involving participatory governance with diverse cultures, right-holders and stakeholders, can be a powerful vehicle for the preservation of cultural heritage and sustainable development. Responsible tourism promotes and creates cultural heritage awareness, provides opportunities for personal and community well- being and resilience, and builds respect for the diversity of other cultures. It can therefore contribute to intercultural dialogue and cooperation, mutual understanding, and peace-building.


The objectives of this Charter are:


Objective 1 - To place the protection of cultural heritage and community rights at the heart of cultural heritage tourism policy and projects, by providing principles that will inform responsible tourism planning and management for cultural heritage protection, community resilience and adaptation;


Objective 2 - To promote stakeholder collaboration and participatory governance in the stewardship of cultural heritage and management of tourism, applying a people- centered and rights-based approach, emphasizing access, education and enjoyment;


Objective 3 - To guide cultural heritage and tourism management in supporting the UN Sustainable Development Goals and Climate Action policy.


Who is this Charter for?


The responsible management of tourism is a shared responsibility of governments, tour operators, tourism businesses, destination managers and marketing organizations, site management authorities, land-use planners, heritage and tourism professionals, civil society and visitors. This Charter is relevant to all of the above as cultural heritage and tourism stakeholders. It provides guidance for heritage and tourism practitioners, professionals, and decision makers within international, national and local government agencies, organizations, institutions and administrations. It aims to be a reference for educators, academics, researchers and students engaged with cultural heritage and tourism. It applies to the management of all cultural heritage properties and to the entire spectrum of their protection, conservation, interpretation, presentation and dissemination activities, since all are connected with, and influenced by, public use and visitation.


The Charter aims to align the work of cultural heritage and tourism stakeholders in the pursuit of positive transformative change, offering principles for regenerative tourism destination management that is conscious of heritage values, as well as their vulnerability and potential. It seeks the fair, ethical and equitable distribution of tourism benefits to and within host communities, contributing towards poverty alleviation. The Charter promotes the ethical governance of cultural heritage and tourism and calls for the integration of its principles into all aspects of cultural heritage tourism.


Background


Branding and marketing of cultural heritage and its unique qualities has encouraged and driven an exponential growth in tourism to heritage destinations. Tourism has significantly impacted towns and cities with historic districts and culturally distinct urban landscapes. It has also impacted historic sites and monuments, along with natural and cultural landscapes. The interest of tourists and the tourism sector in tangible and intangible heritage has contributed towards greater awareness within local communities of the value of their heritage and its critical importance to their quality of life and identity. Indigenous communities, in particular, tend to recognize the fragility of the relationship between people and the land they live on, and the need to ensure that tourism sustains rather than erodes heritage and traditions.


Capitalizing on the increasing global interest in cultural heritage, the tourism industry has developed into a significant component of global, national, regional and local economies. When responsibly planned, developed and managed through participatory governance, tourism can provide direct, indirect and induced benefits across all dimensions of sustainability. However, unmanaged growth in tourism has transformed many places throughout the world, leaving tourism-dependent communities significantly altered and less resilient.


Growing global wealth and connectivity, linked to low-cost travel, has resulted in the evolution of mass tourism in many parts of the world. It has also led to the phenomenon of ‘overtourism’ characterized by pervasive congestion and unacceptable degradation of tangible and intangible heritage, with associated social, cultural and economic impacts. The widespread promotion, marketing and use of cultural heritage has also caused commodification and gentrification, compromising local communities and cultural integrity, and placing irreplaceable assets at risk. Recognizing that this is not always the case, ill-considered tourism planning and development has had significant negative impacts on numerous cultural heritage sites and destinations, Indigenous Peoples and host communities.


The use of heritage in the economic growth-based strategies of the tourism industry globally has been remarkably successful. However, it has often failed to deliver equitable benefit-share. Rapid and insensitive commodification, commercialization and overuse of local culture and heritage has resulted in negative and disruptive impacts across countless destinations. It has also provoked restrictions on rights of use, access to and enjoyment of cultural heritage by local people and visitors alike.


The context within which these matters must be considered includes the climate emergency, environmental degradation, conflicts, disasters, the disruptive effects of the Covid-19 pandemic, mass tourism, digital transformation and technological developments. There is a need and opportunity to recalibrate the perpetual economic growth-based approach to tourism, recognizing and mitigating its unsustainable aspects.


Any cultural tourism strategy must accept that cultural heritage protection, social responsibility and ‘sustainability’ are not merely options or brand attributes, but rather necessary commitments and, in fact, a competitiveness asset. In order to remain successful and sustainable in the long term, cultural tourism proponents must put this commitment into practice and become a force that supports community resilience, responsible consumption and production, human rights, gender equality, climate action, and environmental and cultural heritage conservation.


For this reason, the Charter is formulated in the context of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which specifically mention tourism in Targets 8.9, 12b and 14.7. Cultural tourism also has the potential to contribute, directly or indirectly, to Target 11.4 which aims to “strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world’s cultural and natural heritage”. Working towards the UN’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the responsible national, regional and municipal governing institutions have a duty to ensure that the SDGs and their targets are integrated into the planning, management and monitoring of cultural heritage and tourism destinations. 

   

The Principles of the Charter


Recalling the previous Cultural Tourism Charters (1976 and 1999) and other existing standard- setting texts developed by ICOMOS, ICCROM, IUCN, UNESCO, the UNWTO, other relevant NGOs, intergovernmental organizations, agencies and institutions;

 

Acknowledging that, at the broadest level, natural and cultural heritage is relevant to all people, and that rights of access and enjoyment are linked to the responsibility to respect, understand, appreciate and conserve its universal and particular values;

Affirming that cultural heritage protection and responsible cultural tourism planning and management must be informed by the systematic identification and monitoring of tourism impacts on heritage places, destinations and communities;


分类: 中文 资讯 文博信息
关键词:

img

地址:陕西省西安市碑林区友谊西路68号小雁塔历史文化公园
邮件:secretariat#iicc.org.cn
电话:(+86)029-85246378