深度阅读
费城艺术博物馆藏中国造像
https://www.philamuseum.org/
博物馆是一座城市的灵魂和历史汇聚地，也是一座城市的性格和气质所在。费城艺术博物馆（Philadelphia Museum of Art）作为美国最大的美术馆之一，收藏了不少亚洲艺术品，包括中国和日本的瓷器、佛像、书画、家具、雕刻、手工艺品等。
https://www.philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/42422.html?mulR=561627298|7016
Reception Hall from the Palace of Duke Zhao (Zhaogongfu)Geography:Made in Beijing, China, Asia
Date:First half of 17th century
Credit Line:Gift of Edward B. Robinette, 1929
在中国展厅中，可以看到一个完整的大殿，曾经是中国首都北京一个宏伟的建筑群中的主要接待大厅，建于1600年代初期。
https://www.philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/44151.html?mulR=561627298|7017
Coffered Ceiling from Zhihuasi (Temple of Transforming Wisdom)
Geography:Made in Beijing, China, Asia
Period:Zhengtong Period (1436-1449)
Date:c. 1444
Dimensions:Caisson Ceiling: 508 × 508 cm，15.2 cmCredit Line:Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Wasserman, 1930
同时还展示有从北京明代修建的智化寺运来的藻井，其制作工艺精巧，结构复杂，是明代建筑木雕的极品。
本文分享的内容以馆藏中国造像为主，资料及介绍来自博物馆官网，其中有两件造像标注为20世纪，根据购入时间可以明确是民国仿制。除此之外也不乏一些仿品存在。还有部分年代、出处标注有问题，因这里只是作为博物馆资料分享，故不详述分析。
Votive Stele
Geography:Made in Hebei Province, China, Asia
Date:Mid- 6th century
Dimensions:56 × 27.6 × 15 cm
Credit Line:Gift of Stanley Griswold Flagg, Jr., 1927
https://www.philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/41736.html?mulR=1769177713|6441
Votive Stele
Geography:Made in Shanxi Province, China, Asia
Dimensions:71 × 37 × 15.9 cm
Credit Line:Purchased with the John T. Morris Fund, 1927
Votive Stele
Date:c. 525, Northern Wei Dynasty (386-535)
Dimensions:34 x 24.4 cm
Credit Line:Purchased with Museum and Subscription funds, 1927
https://www.philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/41732.html?mulR=736493599|893
Daoist Votive Stele
Date:523
Dimensions:42 x 22 cm
Credit Line:Purchased with Museum and Subscription funds, 1927
Figure of a Bodhisattva
Geography:Made in Tianlongshan Cave Temples, Shanxi Province, China, Asia
Date:Mid- 6th century
Dimensions:66 x 21.4 cm
Credit Line:Purchased with Museum and Subscription funds, 1927
Fragment from a Buddhist Stele Depicting Attendant Figures
Date:Eastern Wei Dynasty (534-550)
Dimensions:23.1 x 12 cm
Credit Line:Purchased with Museum and Subscription funds, 1927
https://www.philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/41739.html?mulR=1475503234|1068
Seated Buddha
Geography:Made in Shen-si Province, China, Asia
Date:Dated 715
Dimensions:43 x 19.3 cm
Credit Line:Purchased with Museum and Subscription funds, 1927
Buddhist Stele
Date:618-907
Dimensions:93 x 55 cm
Credit Line:Gift of Charles H. Ludington from the George Crofts Collection, 1923
https://www.philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/41733.html?mulR=753095239|964
Fragment of Votive Stele
Date:c. 600
Dimensions:33 x 25 cm
Credit Line:Purchased with Museum and Subscription funds, 1927
Buddha Torso
Date:550-577
Dimensions:Height24.5 cm
Credit Line:Purchased with Museum and Subscription Funds, 1927
Bodhisattva
Geography:Made in Dingzhou, Hebei Province, China, Asia
Date:386-535
Dimensions:18.9 x 26.6 cm
Credit Line:Gift of Mrs. Frank T. Griswold, 1927
Figure of a Monk
Geography:Made in Shaanxi Province, China, Asia
Date:618-907
Dimensions:55 x 18.3 cm
Credit Line:Purchased with Museum and Subscription Funds, 1927
Guardian Figure
Date:550-577
Dimensions:25.5 x 9.4 cm
Credit Line:Gift of Stanley Griswold Flagg, Jr., 1927
https://www.philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/41586.html?mulR=1732780137|949
Figure of Bodhisattva
Geography:Made in Shaanxi Province, China, Asia
Date:1368-1644
Dimensions:42 x 38 cm
Credit Line:Gift of Charles H. Ludington from the George Crofts Collection, 1925
Figure of Bodhisattva
Date:1368-1644
Dimensions:39 × 27 cm
Credit Line:Gift of an anonymous donor, 1926
Votive Stele
Date:20th century
Dimensions:84 x 55 cm
Credit Line:Gift of an anonymous donor, 1926
Figure of Bodhisattva
Date:Early 20th century
Dimensions:54.5 × 20 cm
Credit Line:Gift of Joseph Wasserman, 1928
https://www.philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/145681.html?mulR=664819188|3944
Bust of a Bodhisattva
Date:386-535
Dimensions:28.2 x 18.5 cm
Credit Line:Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John Story Jenks, 1927
Bust of a Bodhisattva
Date:550-577
Dimensions:19.6 x 12.3 cm
Credit Line:Gift of Mrs. Frank Thorne Patterson, 1927
Head of a Bodhisattva
Geography:Made in Dingzhou, Hebei Province, China, Asia
Date:550-577
Dimensions:Height:11.5 cm
Credit Line:Purchased with Museum and Subscription Funds, 1927
https://www.philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/146104.html?mulR=2051633618|4160
Heavenly Beings (Apsaras) from a Mandorla
Date:550-577
Dimensions:Height14 cm
Credit Line:Purchased with Museum and Subscription funds, 1927
https://www.philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/41735.html?mulR=762427278|455
Head of Buddha
Date:First quarter of 6th century
Dimensions:Height: 33 cm
Credit Line:Gift of Mrs. Stanley Griswold Flagg, Jr., 1927
Head of a Buddha
Date:550-577
Dimensions:Heigh11 cm
Credit Line:Purchased with Museum and Subscription Funds, 1927
https://www.philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/145625.html?mulR=762427278|452
Head of a Buddha
Date:550-577
Dimensions:15.6 x 23.9 cm
Credit Line:Gift of Mrs. Frank Thorne Patterson, 1927
https://www.philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/149398.html?mulR=753095239|971
Head of Buddha
Geography:Made in Gansu Province, China, Asia
Date:6th - 7th century
Dimensions:27 x 39.1 cm
Credit Line:Gift of the Fogg Art Museum, 1924
Head of a Buddha
Geography:Made in Tianlongshan Cave Temples, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China, Asia
Date:317-581
Dimensions:Height14.5 cm
Credit Line:Purchased with Museum and Subscription funds, 1927
Head of a Buddha
Geography:Made in Tianlongshan Cave Temples, Shanxi Province, China, Asia
Date:534-550
Dimensions:Height:20 cm
Credit Line:Purchased with Museum and Subscription funds, 1927
Head of Bodhisattva
Geography:Made in Lungmen cave temples, Henan Province, China, Asia
Date:7th century
Dimensions:12.8 × 7.4 cm
Credit Line:Purchased with Museum and Subscription funds, 1927
https://www.philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/41776.html?mulR=220387554|3668
Head of Bodhisattva Dashizhi (Mahasthamaprapta)
Date:6th century
Dimensions:26 × 12.7 × 11.4 cm
Credit Line:Purchased with Museum and Subscription funds, 1927
Head of Buddha
Geography:Made in the grottoes at Nanking, Henan Province, China, Asia
Date:Liang Dynasty (502-557)
Dimensions:Height: 17 cm
Credit Line:Purchased with Museum and Subscription funds, 1927
Head of a Bodhisattva
Geography:Made in Lungmen cave temples, Henan Province, China, Asia
Date:7th century
Dimensions:13 × 9 cm
Credit Line:Purchased with Museum and Subscription funds, 1927
https://www.philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/40896.html?mulR=1275952980|2102
Head of Guanyin
Geography:Possibly Longmen temple caves, Henan Province, China, Asia
Date:1368-1644
Dimensions:Height: 33 cm
Credit Line:Gift of Charles H. Ludington from the George Crofts Collection, 1923
https://www.philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/40895.html?mulR=762427278|453
Head of Bodhisattva
Geography:Possibly Longmen temple caves, Henan Province, China, Asia
Date:1368-1644
Dimensions:Height32 cm
Credit Line:Gift of Charles H. Ludington from the George Crofts Collection, 1923
https://www.philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/145670.html?mulR=696642192|5753
Head of a Buddhist Disciple
Date:550-577
Dimensions:26.5 x 15.3 cm
Credit Line:Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John Story Jenks, 1927
https://www.philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/145668.html?mulR=308078693|244
Lion
Geography:Made in Shaanxi Province, China, Asia
Date:618-907
Dimensions:17.5 x 14.5 cm
Credit Line:Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John Story Jenks, 1927
https://www.philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/43780.html?mulR=157325900|4026
Seated Bodhisattva
Date:960-1279
Dimensions:112 x 92 cm
Credit Line:Gift of Joseph Wasserman, 1929
https://www.philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/41534.html?mulR=1684968938|289
Bodhisattva
Date:900-1000
Dimensions:152.4 × 41 × 26 cm
Credit Line:Gift of Charles H. Ludington from the George Crofts Collection, 1925
https://www.philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/162953.html?mulR=1329124609|827
Attendant Bodhisattva
Date:1115-1234
Dimensions:218 × 57 cm
Credit Line:Gift of Joseph Wasserman, 1929
https://www.philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/115250.html?mulR=1329124609|826
Attendant Bodhisattva
Date:1115-1234
Dimensions:Height224 cm
Credit Line:Gift of Joseph Wasserman, 1929
https://www.philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/162822.html?mulR=928970105|838
Bodhisattva
Date:12th - 13th century
Dimensions:27.2 x 11.4 cm
Credit Line:Gift of Joseph Wasserman, 1929
https://www.philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/162814.html?mulR=928970105|837
Bodhisattva
Date:12th - 13th century
Dimensions:29 x 12 cm
Credit Line:Gift of Joseph Wasserman, 1929
Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara (Guanyin)
Date:12th - 13th century
Dimensions:42.6 x 41.9 cm
Credit Line:Purchased with the Special Oriental Fund, 1925
Guanyin Seated in Royal Ease
Geography:Made in Guanyintang, Henan Province, China, Asia
Date:1271-1368
Dimensions:124.5 x 81.3 x 50.8 cmCredit Line:Gift of Charles H. Ludington from the George Crofts Collection, 1925
https://www.philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/43779.html?mulR=1993833762|932
Figure of a Bodhisattva
Date:1368-1644
Dimensions:69 × 37 cm
Credit Line:Gift of Joseph Wasserman, 1929
https://www.philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/40893.html?mulR=2144150676|18
Bodhisattva of Compassion (Guanyin)
Date:10th - 11th century
Dimensions:101.6 × 83.8 × 50.2 cm
Credit Line:Gift of Charles H. Ludington from the George Crofts Collection, 1923
Bodhisattva of Compassion (Guanyin)
Date:1368-1644
Dimensions:123 × 43 cm
Credit Line:Gift of Charles H. Ludington from the George Crofts Collection, 1925
Figure of a Bodhisattva
Date:1368-1644
Dimensions:Height: 123 cm
Credit Line:Gift of Charles H. Ludington from the George Crofts Collection, 1925
Figure of Guanyin
Date:1368-1644
Dimensions:123 × 50 cm
Credit Line:Gift of Charles H. Ludington from the George Crofts Collection, 1925
Figure of Bodhisattva
Date:12th - 13th century
Dimensions:33 × 20.5 cm
Credit Line:Gift of Joseph Wasserman, 1929
https://www.philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/304697.html?mulR=1331043837|258
Seated Luohan
Date:16th - 17th century
Dimensions:141 × 96.5 × 68.6 cm
Credit Line:Purchased with funds contributed by the Wyncote Foundation, 2013
https://www.philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/210035.html?mulR=237550458|1551
Bodhisattva of Compassion (Guanyin)
Date:11th - 16th century
Dimensions:48.3 x 21.3 cm
Credit Line:Purchased with the George W. B. Taylor Fund, 1949
Guardian Figure
Date:8th - 9th century
Dimensions:19 x 18.9 cm
Credit Line:Gift of Joseph Wasserman, 1929
Guardian Figure
Date:8th - 9th century
Dimensions:18.9 x 17 cm
Credit Line:Gift of Joseph Wasserman, 1929
https://www.philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/162804.html?mulR=364207575|1254
Daoist Deity
Date:960-1279
Dimensions:38.6 x 25.4 cm
Credit Line:Gift of Joseph Wasserman, 1929
Head of a Bodhisattva
Date:1368-1644
Dimensions:43.6 x 15.4 cm
Credit Line:Gift of Joseph Wasserman, 1929
Head of a Military Official
Date:1368-1644
Dimensions:43 × 21 cm
Credit Line:Gift of Howard H. Lewis in memory of his parents-in-law, Mr. and Mrs. Rodolphe Meyer de Schauensee, 1990
https://www.philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/48867.html?mulR=370123506|1221
Buddha
Date:19th century
Dimensions:18.4 x 13 cm
Credit Line:Gift of Major General and Mrs. William Crozier, 1944
Guanyin
Geography:Made in Fujian Province, China, Asia
Date:18th century
Dimensions:56.5 x 15.2 cm
Credit Line:Gift of Mrs. John H. McFadden, Jr., 1956
https://www.philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/48813.html?mulR=774220846|1667
Figure of Guanyin
Date:18th century
Dimensions:25 x 13.2 cm
Credit Line:Gift of Major General and Mrs. William Crozier, 1944
https://www.philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/40880.html?mulR=309583223|866
Buddha
Date:1368-1644
Dimensions:70 × 33 × 25 cm
Credit Line:Gift of Charles H. Ludington from the George Crofts Collection, 1923
https://www.philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/40881.html?mulR=1371063831|6816
Guanyin, Bodhisattva of Compassion
Geography:Made in Shanxi Province, China, Asia
Date:1507
Dimensions:93.6 × 50.3 × 24.7 cm
Credit Line:Gift of Charles H. Ludington from the George Crofts Collection, 1923
https://www.philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/40885.html?mulR=752839437|1350
Lion and Guardian Figure
Date:15th - 16th century
Dimensions:44.3 x 43.9 cm
Credit Line:Gift of Charles H. Ludington from the George Crofts Collection, 1923
Caryatid Figure of Elephant and Rider
Date:15th - 16th century
Dimensions:48.6 x 29.2 cm
Credit Line:Gift of Charles H. Ludington from the George Crofts Collection, 1923
Caryatid Figure of Elephant and Rider
Date:15th - 16th century
Dimensions:50.5 x 39.7 cm
Credit Line:Gift of Charles H. Ludington from the George Crofts Collection, 1923
https://www.philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/39937.html?mulR=638755604|1399
Ridge Tile
Date:Late 15th - early 17th century
Dimensions:32 x 17.5 cm
Credit Line:Purchased with the Annual Membership Fund, 1915
https://www.philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/40944.html?mulR=35604514|4595
Mountain-Shaped Incense Burner
Date:1368-1644
Dimensions:46.