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Hkakabo Razi Landscape

摘要: Justification of Outstanding Universal Value  The NMFC covers 11,280 km2 of Eastern Himalaya habitat across an altitudinal range from below 1,300 m to over 5,800 m.  It contains a diversity of forest

Justification of Outstanding Universal Value

  The NMFC covers 11,280 km2 of Eastern Himalaya habitat across an altitudinal range from below 1,300 m to over 5,800 m.  It contains a diversity of forest types across this elevation gradient, from lowland evergreen forests up to alpine meadows.  This diversity of habitats supports a variety of endangered wildlife, including several that are endemic to the property.  Its position at the convergence of three biogeographical regions, Eurasia, the Indian subcontinent, and Indochina, has resulted in high levels of endemism and species richness.  It is also located at the convergence between Palearctic and Indo-Malayan ecozones, therefore containing both temperate and tropical components.  The Southern Extension strengthens the OUV of the property because it contains an area of high bird species richness and areas in which vertebrate species new to science have recently been discovered (Renner and Rappole 2011).  The very large size, diversity, and intactness of ecosystems across the NMFC, and its location next to large protected areas in China and India creates an exceptional contribution to conservation across the Eastern Himalayan range.

  Criterion (vii): Hkakabo Razi NP and Hponkan Razi WS’s scenic beauty includes forest-covered mountains, undammed rivers flowing through deep canyons, sharp ridges, and stunning snow-capped peaks, including the highest mountain in Southeast Asia: Mt. Hkakabo Razi.  The dramatic landscape and natural state of the environment here combine to produce an exceptionally scenic landscape. 

  Criterion (ix): The NMFC covers an area of outstanding size and ecological diversity.  At the transition between three biogeographical zones and two ecoregions, it is an area of high endemism and diversity that showcases evolutionary and ecological processes.  Even when not considered in combination with the contiguous protected areas in China and India, the NMFC provides sufficient scale and diversity for evolutionary processes to occur, including seasonal altitudinal migrations, potentially in response to climate change.  When transboundary properties are taken into account, it represents a still greater example of conservation at a landscape scale.

  Criterion (x): Its location on multiple biogeographical transition zones has given the NMFC high species endemism and diversity.  Diversity of birds and butterflies is particularly high.  Surveys have recorded more than 80 species of amphibians and reptiles, 442 species of birds, 360 species of butterflies, 297 species of trees, and 106 species of orchids (Oikos and BANCA 2011; Renner et al. 2007).  Both Hkakabo Razi NP and Hponkan Razi WS are Important Bird Areas and lie within the Eastern Himalaya Endemic Bird Area (EBA 130), which includes 19 restricted-range bird species, 10 of which are globally threatened (BirdLife International 2013).

  Since 1999, nine vertebrate species new to science have been described in the NMFC, including the Leaf Deer (Muntiacus putaoensis), catfish (Clupisoma sp.), new bird species and subspecies, including the Naung Mung Scimitar-Babbler (Jabouilleia naungmungensis), and several reptiles (Renner et al. 2007).  The Gongshan Muntjac (Muntiacus gongshanensis)andLeaf Deer (Muntiacus putaoensis) are both DD.  Considering the limited scientific exploration of the area it is likely that more will be discovered.  The proposed Southern Extension contains rainforest areas with high bird diversity, with many species’ ranges overlapping in the 900-1,500 m band.  This extension also has high endemism and is the site of multiple of the recent species discoveries in the NMFC (Renner and Rappole2011).  Globally threatened or DD species in the NFMC and proposed extension include (Myanmar Biodiversity 2012):

  Mammals

  EN: Black Musk Deer (Moschus fuscus), Shortridge’s Langur (Trachypithecus shortridgei), Chinese Pangolin (Manis pentadactyla), Dhole (Cuon alpinus)

  VU: Red Panda (Ailurus fulgens), Red Goral (Naemorhedus baileyi), Takin (Budorcas taxicolor), Hoolock Gibbon (Hoolock spp.), Himalayan Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus), Sun Bear (Helarctos malayanus), Clouded Leopard (Neofelis nebulosa), Marbled Cat (Pardofelis marmorata), Bengal Slow Loris (Nycticebus bengalensis),Sambar (Rusa unicolor), Stump-tailed Macaque (Macaca arctoides)

  Birds

  CR: White-bellied Heron (Ardea insignis)

  VU: Blyths Tragopan (Tragopan blythii), Sclater’s Monal (Lophophorus sclateri), Rufous-necked Hornbill (Aceros nipalensis), Beautiful Nuthatch (Sitta formosa), Snowy-throated Babbler (Stachyris oglei)

  NT: Rusty-bellied Shortwing (Brachypteryx hyperythra)

  Reptiles

  EN: Keeled Box Turtle (Cuora mouhotii)

  VU: Impressed Tortoise (Manouria impressa)

  Plants

  Endemic: Paphiopedilum wardii, Euonymus burimanicus, Euonymus kachinensis, Rhododendron spp.


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