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Myeik Archipelago

摘要: Justification of Outstanding Universal Value  The MA contains most of Myanmar’s coral reef, along with some of its best preserved mangrove forests, lowland evergreen forests, and seagrass meadows, and

Justification of Outstanding Universal Value

  The MA contains most of Myanmar’s coral reef, along with some of its best preserved mangrove forests, lowland evergreen forests, and seagrass meadows, and forms an ecological system of outstanding biodiversity and integrity. Surveys have recoded 50 globally threatened plants and animals on LIMNP alone, including 20 dipterocarp species, three species of sea turtles, dugong, and a variety of fish, coral, sea cucumbers, and other marine species. The MA is large enough to support landscape species like the Plain-pouched Hornbill and maintain the full suite of ecological and evolutionary processes.

  Coral reefs, seagrass beds, lowland evergreen forests, and mangroves are under great pressure elsewhere in the region from overharvesting and conversion, making the MA of high global importance for marine and coastal conservation.

  Criterion (ix): The MA contains all the components necessary to sustain ecological and evolutionary processes. Mangroves, coral reefs, and seagrass beds play distinct roles in the life cycles of marine organisms, while intact lowland evergreen, mangrove, and coastal forests support a suite of wide-ranging species linking islands and habitat types. Further surveys of outlying islands may reveal endemic species that have evolved as a result of relative isolation and serve as an example of the evolutionary processes of island systems.

  Criterion (x): The MA contains multiple threatened terrestrial and marine species. While data is lacking for much of the archipelago, marine wildlife observed include the Dugong, Whale Shark, three species of sea turtle, manta rays, and a suite of sharks species. The Plain-pouched Hornbill is a landscape species that flies between islands of lowland evergreen forest. Seagrass beds, located primarily on the eastern side of islands where they have some protection from monsoons winds and waves, provide forage for sea turtles and Dugong. Although the number of Dugong present is unknown, surveys indicate about 200 individuals in the Andaman Sea further south. There may be over 500 hard coral species in the Archipelago, though additional surveys are necessary to confirm species richness.

  Surveys of LIMNP have recorded 195 evergreen plant species and 63 plants associated with mangrove forest. In addition, 19 mammal, 228 bird, 19 reptile, 10 amphibian, 42 fish, 42 crab, 50 gastropod, 41 bivalves, 35 sea-cucumber, 73 seaweed, 11 seagrass, and 333 plankton species have been identified, including many globally threatened species (Oikos and BANCA 2011; Myanmar Biodiversity 2012). A greatly increased survey effort is needed to document patterns of biodiversity across all 800 islands and marine areas. This information is needed to zone the MA into core and multiple use zones. Existing knowledge indicates that MA has outstanding value for the conservation of marine and terrestrial species. Globally threatened terrestrial species present include:

  Mammals

  EN: Sunda Pangolin (Manis javanica)

  VU: Finless Porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides), Whale Shark (Rhincodon typus), Dugong (Dugong dugon), Irrawaddy Dolphin (Orcaella brevirostris), Asian Small-clawed Otter (Aonyx cinerea), Southern Pig-tailed Macaque (Macaca nemestrina)

  Birds

  VU: Plain-pouched Hornbill (Aceros subruficollis)

  Reptiles

  CR: Hawksbill Turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata), Leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea)

  EN: Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas), Spiny Turtle (Heosemys spinosa),

  VU: Asian Box Turtle (Cuora amboinensis), Asiatic Softshell Turtle (Amyda cartilaginea), Burmese Eyed Turtle (Morenia ocellata)

  Plants

  CR: Dipterocarpus spp.(20 species), Sonneratia griffithii

  EN: Heritiera fomes, Diospyros crumenata, Syzygium zeylanicum, Ternstroemia penangiana

  VU: Abarema bigemina, Memecylon grande


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