遗产数据库
锡格纳克Sygnak
摘要: Sygnak (X-XVIII centuries)在十世纪的历史资料中首次提到了这一定居点。 从十二世纪开始，这座城市就是Kypchak州的首府。 1219年蒙古人入侵期间，该地遭到严重破坏。 蒙古军队占领城市后这里经历了长期的衰退期，Sygnak仅在十四世纪下半叶成为Ak Orda州的政治中心。 在十六至十八世纪，该城市由哈萨克统治者统治，是下斯里达里亚地区最大的中心城市。 该 ...
Sygnak (X-XVIII centuries)
在十世纪的历史资料中首次提到了这一定居点。 从十二世纪开始，这座城市就是Kypchak州的首府。 1219年蒙古人入侵期间，该地遭到严重破坏。 蒙古军队占领城市后这里经历了长期的衰退期，Sygnak仅在十四世纪下半叶成为Ak Orda州的政治中心。 在十六至十八世纪，该城市由哈萨克统治者统治，是下斯里达里亚地区最大的中心城市。 该定居点的简短历史显示了其在中亚大草原前沿的战略地位，在传统的游牧民族区域和定居点之间。
© The National Commission of Republic of Kazakhstan for UNESCO / Sygnak
The settlement was mentioned for the first time in the historical sources of X century. From the XII century, the city was the capital of Kypchak State. In 1219 during the Mongolian invasion the city was heavily damaged. After a long period of regression after the seizure of the city by Mongol army Sygnak becomes the political center of Ak Orda State only in the second half of XIV century. In XVI-XVIII centuries the city was governed by Kazakh rulers and was the biggest urban center of the lower Syrdarya region. Short history of the settlement shows its strategic position on the frontier of the great steppes of Central Asia, between the traditional location area of nomad and sedentary communities.
锡格纳克（Sygnak）古聚落是锡尔河（Syrdarya）沿岸最著名的中世纪城市之一。它位于克孜勒奥尔达（Kyzylorda）地区的扎纳科尔干（Zhanakorgan）区，位于苏纳卡塔（Sunak-ata）村以西1.5公里处。
锡格纳克（Sygnak）位于丝绸之路两个重要目的地的交汇处，这一优越的地理位置促使其繁荣发展。该城市与马夫伦纳赫尔（Mavrennahr）、花剌子模（Khorezm）以及中亚许多城市都建立了紧密的贸易往来。
在书面资料中，Sygnak城首次被提及是在一个名为“Khudud al-alam”的匿名地理描述中，该描述属于X世纪，当时该城被称为Sunakh城；而在XI世纪，Makhmud al-Kashgari的作品“Divan lugatat-Turk”中，它被称为Oghuz城的Sugnak。在XI-XII世纪期间，Sygnak在波斯、阿拉伯和突厥的书面资料中被称为Oghuz部落的中心，后来又被称为Kypchaks的中心。在XIII世纪初，该城与成吉思汗军队的入侵有关。
锡格纳克市曾是各种民族政治组织的一部分，并在政治、经济和文化方面发挥了作用，是金帐汗国（XI-XII世纪）、阿克奥尔达（XIII-XV世纪）、阿比哈伊尔汗国（XV世纪）和哈萨克汗国（XVI世纪）的中心。
在文献资料背景下，对中世纪锡格纳克镇历史的研究在哈萨克斯坦历史上极为重要。
锡格纳克墓地，埋葬着历史上著名的可汗，如埃尔真可汗和阿布哈伊尔可汗，具有极其重要的神圣意义。
值得一提的是，对Sygnak古代聚落的复杂考古研究始于2003年，由以K.A. Yassawi命名的哈萨克斯坦-土耳其国际大学Sygnak考古队发起。在过去的几十年挖掘工作中，我们获得了关于古代聚落历史的重要事实材料。
哈萨克斯坦共和国外交部考虑到研究人员的利益，在哈萨克斯坦举办乌兹别克斯坦年之际，发起了由哈萨克斯坦国际考古科学研究院（IICAS）在古代聚落遗址上进行的联合考古工作，该研究院汇集了两国的研究人员。
“Sygnak古聚落墓地考古研究”项目由国际考古考察队于2019年4月15日至9月30日期间实施，该考察队是根据以K.A. Yassawi命名的哈萨克斯坦-土耳其国际大学与中亚研究所签署的备忘录和协议组建的。
此次国际考察的联合负责人是历史科学候选人A. Iskanderova（乌兹别克斯坦国际科学和文化学院）和研究人员M. Bakhtybaev（哈萨克斯坦国际哈萨克-土耳其大学）。此项工作在克孜勒奥尔达地区文化部及克孜勒奥尔达地区历史和文化遗址保护市政公共机构的协助下进行。
在复杂的考古研究中，挖掘现场被置于考古遗址之上，这些遗址最终被证明代表了十四至十五世纪的独特建筑结构。
请参阅后续出版物中的研究结果。
The ancient settlement of Sygnak is one of the most well-known medieval cities situated on the coast of Syrdarya. It is located in the Zhanakorgan District of the Kyzylorda Region, 1, 5 km west from the village of Sunak-ata.
The advantageous geographical location of Sygnak at the intersection of two destinations of the Silk Road led to its prosperity. The city had strong trading connections with Mavrennahr, Khorezm and many cities of Central Asia.
In the written sources, the city of Sygnak was mentioned for the first time in an anonymous geographical description of the X century called “Khudud al-alam” as the city of Sunakh, and in the XI century in the work of Makhmud al-Kashgari called “Divan lugatat-Turk” as the Oghuz city of Sugnak. During the XI-XII centuries Sygnak was known in the Persian, Arab and Turkic written sources as a centre of Oghuz tribes and a little bit latter as the centre of Kypchaks. In the beginning of XIII century the city was mentioned in connection with the invasions of the troops of Genghis Khan.
The city of Sygnak, which was a part of various ethno-political formations and played political, economic and cultural role, was the center of Kypchak Khanate (XI-XII centuries), Ak Orda (XIII-XV centuries), Khanate of Abylkhair (XV century) and Kazakh Khanate (XVI century).
The study of the history of the medieval town of Sygnak in the context of the written sources is extremely important in the history of Kazakhstan.
The Sygnak burial ground with the graves of the famous khans in the history, such as Erzen khan and Abulhayirkhan, has the greatest sacral importance.
It is worth mentioning that the complex archaeological studies on the ancient settlement of Sygnak were started in 2003 by the Sygnak Archaeological Expedition of the International Kazakh-Turkish University named after K.A. Yassawi. During the last decades of excavations, a significant factual material on the history of the ancient settlement has been obtained.
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan took into account the interests of researchers, and within the framework of the year of Uzbekistan in Kazakhstan initiated the joint archaeological works on the territory of the ancient settlement, performed by IICAS, which brings together researchers from both countries.
The project "Archaeological Studies on the Necropolis of the ancient settlement of Sygnak" was implemented in the period from April 15 to September 30, 2019 by the International archaeological expedition organized on the basis of the memorandum and agreement signed by the International Kazakh-Turkish University named after K.A. Yassawi and the International Institute for Central Asian Studies.
The co-directors of the international expedition were the candidate of historical sciences A. Iskanderova (IICAS, Uzbekistan) and researche fellow M. Bakhtybaev (International Kazakh-Turkish University, Kazakhstan). The work was carried out with the assistance of the Department of Culture of Kyzylorda Region and Municipal Public Institution on the Protection of Historical and Cultural Sites of the Kyzylorda Region.
During the complex archaeological studies, the excavation sites were placed on the archaeological sites, which, as it turned out were representing the unique structures ofthe XIV-XV centuries.
See the results of the studies in the next publications.
The advantageous geographical location of Sygnak at the intersection of two destinations of the Silk Road led to its prosperity. The city had strong trading connections with Mavrennahr, Khorezm and many cities of Central Asia.
In the written sources, the city of Sygnak was mentioned for the first time in an anonymous geographical description of the X century called “Khudud al-alam” as the city of Sunakh, and in the XI century in the work of Makhmud al-Kashgari called “Divan lugatat-Turk” as the Oghuz city of Sugnak. During the XI-XII centuries Sygnak was known in the Persian, Arab and Turkic written sources as a centre of Oghuz tribes and a little bit latter as the centre of Kypchaks. In the beginning of XIII century the city was mentioned in connection with the invasions of the troops of Genghis Khan.
The city of Sygnak, which was a part of various ethno-political formations and played political, economic and cultural role, was the center of Kypchak Khanate (XI-XII centuries), Ak Orda (XIII-XV centuries), Khanate of Abylkhair (XV century) and Kazakh Khanate (XVI century).
The study of the history of the medieval town of Sygnak in the context of the written sources is extremely important in the history of Kazakhstan.
The Sygnak burial ground with the graves of the famous khans in the history, such as Erzen khan and Abulhayirkhan, has the greatest sacral importance.
It is worth mentioning that the complex archaeological studies on the ancient settlement of Sygnak were started in 2003 by the Sygnak Archaeological Expedition of the International Kazakh-Turkish University named after K.A. Yassawi. During the last decades of excavations, a significant factual material on the history of the ancient settlement has been obtained.
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan took into account the interests of researchers, and within the framework of the year of Uzbekistan in Kazakhstan initiated the joint archaeological works on the territory of the ancient settlement, performed by IICAS, which brings together researchers from both countries.
The project "Archaeological Studies on the Necropolis of the ancient settlement of Sygnak" was implemented in the period from April 15 to September 30, 2019 by the International archaeological expedition organized on the basis of the memorandum and agreement signed by the International Kazakh-Turkish University named after K.A. Yassawi and the International Institute for Central Asian Studies.
The co-directors of the international expedition were the candidate of historical sciences A. Iskanderova (IICAS, Uzbekistan) and researche fellow M. Bakhtybaev (International Kazakh-Turkish University, Kazakhstan). The work was carried out with the assistance of the Department of Culture of Kyzylorda Region and Municipal Public Institution on the Protection of Historical and Cultural Sites of the Kyzylorda Region.
During the complex archaeological studies, the excavation sites were placed on the archaeological sites, which, as it turned out were representing the unique structures ofthe XIV-XV centuries.
See the results of the studies in the next publications.
