摘要: 精彩辩词欣赏·中学组B：对乡村景观的旅游开发，更应该以文化与遗产价值阐释为主导，还是休闲娱乐体验为主导 正方一辩：西安交通大学附属中学今天我方的观点是，对于乡村景观的旅游开发，应以文化与遗产的价值阐释为主导。开宗明义，定义先行。乡村景观，即我们在乡村中看到或感受到的景观，既有物质的也有非物质。对文化与遗产的价值阐释，即是对通过有地域特色性的文化遗产的介绍与阐释，使人们明白其中所蕴含的价值。比如修建

精彩辩词欣赏·中学组B：

对乡村景观的旅游开发，更应该以文化与遗产价值阐释为主导，还是休闲娱乐体验为主导

正方一辩：西安交通大学附属中学

今天我方的观点是，对于乡村景观的旅游开发，应以文化与遗产的价值阐释为主导。开宗明义，定义先行。乡村景观，即我们在乡村中看到或感受到的景观，既有物质的也有非物质。对文化与遗产的价值阐释，即是对通过有地域特色性的文化遗产的介绍与阐释，使人们明白其中所蕴含的价值。比如修建博物馆，进行当地文化特色表演，发展当地特色美食等。今天文我们讨论文化化与遗产的价值阐释，或是对方辩友所倡导的休闲娱乐体验，都是开发乡村景观进行旅游开发的手段。而值得一提的是，在联合国的文献中明确指出，任何一个乡村都有其特定的文化与遗产。而何者应当居主导地位即何者对于乡村景观的旅游开发作用更大。这种作用分有政治经济文化等多方面。今天我方将从经济效益和文化效益上为各位论证。

Thankyou, chairman. Our part believes that the tourism development of rurallandscape should be directed by the interpretation of heritage value and culture. Theme and definition alwayscome first. The rural landscape, that is, the landscape we see, both tangibleand intangible, in the rural area. The interpretation of heritagevalueand culture, that is, through the introduction andexplanation of cultural heritage with regional characteristics, so that peoplecan understand the value contained therein, for instance, building museums,organizing local cultural performances, developing local cuisine and so on.Today, whether the value interpretation of culture and heritage we discussed,or the leisure and entertainment experience advocated by the other team, areboth the means to develop rural landscape and tourism. It is worth raising thatone of the United Nations’ document clearly points out that every village hasits specific culture and heritage. The question is that which part should takethe leading position, that is, the one plays a more important role in thetourism development of rural landscape. The effect comes from many aspects, thepolitics, the economy and the culture. Today we will argue from the perspectiveof the economic and cultural benefits.

首先是经济效益。进行旅游开发的根本目的是发展经济。而实现经济收入的重要基础是吸引游客。不同的乡村拥有不同的特色文化与遗产，这些文化遗产对应的是当地的民俗的多样性。举个简单的例子，丽江古城、凤凰古城和平遥古城。他们都是古城，但是在他们之中被发掘的文化背景与遗产价值是不同的。丽江古城是南方丝绸之路的重要城市，凤凰古城则是具有民族特色的少数民族聚居区，平遥古城则胜在保护完整，是中国汉族保护最为完整的明清古城。这就是文化遗产的多样性的体现。而对于多样遗产的开发，是可以体现当地特色的。这种当地的特色，也是更受人们欢迎的。在一份重庆市旅游调查的问卷中，倾向选择的旅游地以自然风景区为最多,达到47%;其次是人文景区(点)占23%;选择农家乐、游乐场、未开发的自然环境优美的地方和其他地方的都比较少,分别占8.4%、6.3%、4.7%和0.6%。2017年旅游行业市场调查与分析显示，在旅游消费构成上，休闲度假占整个旅游的比重仅为20%左右。众多游客的选择仍以自然景区和人文景区为主，而以休闲娱乐体验为主导的旅游业的农家乐，游乐场，则占极少的一部分。其原因在于以休闲娱乐体验为主导的旅游业发展具有同一性：你建一个农家乐，我建一个农家乐；你的古城里建酒吧，我的古城里也建酒吧。这种同质化现象势必会减少对游客的持续吸引力。相反，以德国农村旅游业发展为例，市民田园被建设成为了乡村博物馆，通过农业生产的体验和文化的传播，推动了经济发展，实现高经济效益。相比之下，不断的复刻休闲娱乐的经济体验模式，势必会减损整体乡村景观游客量，从而降低经济效益。

Firstly,the economy. The fundamental purpose of tourism development is to developeconomy which depends on attracting tourists. Different villages have differentcultures and heritages, which correspond to the diversity of local folkcustoms. Taking the ancient towns of Lijiang, Fenghuang and Pingyao forexample, they are all ancient towns, but their cultural backgrounds andheritage values are different. The ancient town of Lijiang is an important cityalong the southern Silk Roads.The ancient town of Fenghuang is an area inhabited by many different ethnic groups eachhastheir own features. The ancient town of Pingyaois the most completely preserved ancient town of the Ming and Qing dynasties.These ancient towns are embodiments of the diversity of cultural heritage. Thedevelopment of diverse heritage can indeed reflect local features which is avery important tourism attraction.According to a survey on tourism of Chong Qing city, most people chose natural scenic spot as theirfavorite destination, reaching 47%,followed by cultural scenic spots, taking up 23%. Fewer people choseagritainment, amusement parks, undeveloped beautiful natural spotsand other places, respectively accounting for 8.4%, 6.3%, 4.7% and 0.6%.According to the market survey and analysis of the tourism industry of 2017,leisure entertainment only accounts for about 20% of the total tourist expenditures. Most of tourists choosethe natural scenic spots and cultural scenic spots, while the agritainment andamusement park, which are oriented to the leisure and entertainment experience,take up a very small proportion. The reason is that the tourism developmentoriented to leisure and entertainment experience is identical. This homogeneitytendency is bound to reduce the continuing attraction for tourists. On thecontrary, taking the development of rural tourism in Germany for example, some rural fields are built into ruralmuseums, which promote economic development and achieve high economic benefitsthrough well-designed agriculturalproduction experience and the culture interpretations. In contrast, the repeating and indistinctive leisure and entertainment experiencemodel is bound to undermine the overall rural landscape tourist volume, thusreducing economic benefits.

其次是文化效益。以休闲娱乐体验为主导的旅游业对乡村文化的传播与发展并没有明显作用，游客在游览乡村景观时，更多的会将目光投向休闲娱乐，这让乡村旅游带来的乡村文化传播效果被弱化了。而对乡村文化与遗产的价值阐释则是传播乡村文化的重要途径。乡村文化与遗产的重要性在于每一种乡村文化背后所包含的理念，比如中国的基塘农业背后后，有人地关系和谐的理念存在。这种理念指导了中国人几千年的行事作为，也必然会继续对中国文化产生深远影响。

Secondly,the cultural benefits. The tourism oriented by leisure and entertainmentexperience has no obvious impact on the promotion and development of ruralculture. When visiting arural landscape site, tourists willpay more attention to leisure and entertainment, which weakens the effect ofrural culture promotion brought by rural tourism. The interpretation of theheritagevalue and cultureis important to promote rural culture. Thesignificance of rural culture and heritage lies in the concept behind each kindof rural culture, such as the concept of harmonious human-land relationshipbehind China's Jitang agriculture mode ( eg. raise mulberry and fish together in thepond so they can feed each other).This philosophy has guided Chinese people for thousands of years and willcertainly continue to have a profound impact on Chinese culture.

最后，从我个人真实的体验出发，刚刚说到的平遥古城、凤凰古城、丽江古城，他们本身有各自深厚的文化底蕴和文化价值意义。但在现阶段以休闲娱乐体验为主导的文化发展中，去每个古城，看到的都是酒吧一条街，都是纪念品商店。这些纪念品商店中的纪念品，甚至都是从义乌批发回来的。这埋没了古城应有的文化价值体验和符号，也会让文化与遗产价值在同质化的休闲娱乐体验中消亡。当我想去了解乡村文化时，却发现每个乡村并无二致，我想，这是我们民族文化的悲哀！

Finally,based on my personal experience, the ancient town of Pingyao , Fenghuangand Lijiang have their own profound culture connotationand cultural significance. However, at present, the culture development isdominated by leisure and entertainment experience. When you go to any ancienttown, you will see that the street is full of bars and souvenir shops. Thesouvenirs are even wholesale from Yiwu(China’s most famous city in wholesale business) . This will not only stifle the culturalvalue and the symbol of ancient town, but also make the culture and heritagevalue disappear through the homogeneous leisure and entertainment experience.When I want to know about the rural culture, but found that every village isthe same. I think, this would be the tragedy of our national culture!

综上所述，我方认为对于乡村景观的旅游开发，应以文化与遗产的价值阐释为主导。谢谢！

Inconclusion, we believe that the tourism development of rural landscape shouldbe guided by the interpretation of heritage value and culture. Thank you very much!

精彩辩词欣赏·小学组：

丝绸之路的中外交流，对中国人生活的影响大，还是对外国人生活的影响大？

正方四辩：西安铁五小学

各位老师、主席、对方辩友你们好：

首先非常感谢对方辩友，你们的精彩表现给我们造成了巨大压力，但也使我们更加坚信：丝绸之路对中国的影响更大，丝绸之路将成为新时代中国发展的新引擎！

Dear teachers, chairman, and the opposition team:

Goodmorning.

First of all, I wouldlike to thank the opposition side for their wonderful performance which causedgreat pressure on us, but it also makes us more convinced that the Silk Road hasa larger impact on China, and it will become the engine of China's developmentin the new era!

尽管对方辩友的表现异常精彩，但我还是想指出你们的一些错误：我们今天辩论的主题是丝绸之路对中国的影响大还是对外国的影响大？对方辩友以偏概全，而且论证不够充分。丝绸之路对谁的影响大，这需要全面比较才能得出结论，纯粹讨论一方的影响有失偏颇。比如古丝绸之路将中国的茶叶、丝绸送出国门，影响了世界，但是更多的是为中国带来了巨大利益，推动了中国发展；再比如中国古代的四大发明经丝绸之路传到欧洲，促进了西方文明的发展，但我们更应看到西方的服饰、音乐、舞蹈、绘画，还有各种不同的宗教信仰潜移默化地影响着中国人的物质、精神生活。我们要用全面的眼光看待这些影响，客观予以评判。

Although theperformance of the opposition side is awesome, I still want to point out someof your mistakes. The theme of our debate today is whether the Silk Road has alarger impact on China or on foreign countries? The opposition sideovergeneralized this theme and the arguments are not sufficient. To find out onwhich part the influence of the Silk Road is larger, it requires acomprehensive comparison. Only discussing the influence on party is partial.For instance, the Chinese tea and the silk traveled by the ancient Silk Roadand had a great impact on the world. Moreover, it brought great benefits toChina and promoted China's development. Besides, the Four Great Inventions inancient China were transmitted through the Silk Road to Europe whichfacilitated the development of Western civilization. Furthermore, we shouldalso admit that other countries’ costumes, music, dance, painting, and various religiousbeliefs are gradually influencing the material and spiritual life of Chinesepeople. We must look at these effects in a comprehensive way and make objectiveassessments.

接下来，我将再次重申我方观点：丝绸之路对中国的影响大。

Then I will reiterateour point that the Silk Road has a larger influence on China.

首先让我们翻开历史，让事实来说话。陆上丝绸之路，起源于张骞西使，将丝绸带到了外国，更将外国的先进文明带回了中国。我们不仅获得了葡萄、胡萝卜、菠菜等，也带回了汗血马、孔雀、狮子，包括我们西安的市花——石榴花，这极大丰富了中国人的物质生活；试想，如果没有丝绸之路，何来“葡萄美酒夜光杯”？何来《咏石榴花》中的“王母庭中亲自栽，张骞偷得下天来”？此外丝绸之路还丰富了中国人的精神世界，著名的《霓裳羽衣曲》，虽然无法复原，但多多少少都有印度音乐的影子。所以丝绸之路让中国获得了更多的利益，推动了中国的发展！

First, let’s look back toour history and the facts can talk themselves. The Silk Road dates back to the westwardembassy mission of Zhang Qian, introduced the silk to foreign countries andbrought the rich civilization and products of foreign countries back to China.We not only got grapes, carrots, spinach, etc., but also brought back Ferghanahorses, peacocks, and lions, including the city flower of Xi'an, pomegranate,which greatly enriched the material life of Chinese people. Imagine that ifthere is no Silk Road, how come we have poetry lines like "mellow grapewine in luminous cup"? How come in the "Ode to the Pomegranate Flower",“the queen of heaven planted in her yard, while ZhangQian stole them to the mundane world?” In addition, the Silk Road has enrichedthe spiritual world of the Chinese people. The famous "Heavenly Feather CostumeSong", composed by Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, although hard toreproduce it all now, but it is convinced that it has been influenced by Indianmusic. Therefore, the Silk Road has enabled China to gain more benefits andpromote China's development in many aspects!

反之，海上丝绸之路形成于秦汉，发展于三国至隋朝，衰落于明清。海上丝绸之路衰落时，也正是我们国家闭关锁国、一步步走向衰落、落后挨打之时。然而，外国并没有因丝绸之路的中断而走向落后，这一惨痛的教训更是提醒我们丝绸之路对中国的影响有多大。

On the contrary, theMaritime Silk Road was formed in the Qin and Han Dynasties, developed in theThree Kingdoms time to the Sui Dynasty, and declined in the Ming and QingDynasties. When the Maritime Silk Road declined, it was also the time when ourcountry is shutting down its gate, step by step, and falling behind. However,foreign countries(especially European countries) have not fallen behind due tothe deterioration of the Silk Road. This painful lesson reminds us how much largerthe impact of the Silk Road on China is.

其次我国的基本国情是我们正处于并将长期处于社会主义初级阶段。当新时期丝绸之路架起我们和世界各国交流的桥梁时，我们希望看到一个飞速发展的中国。新时期丝绸之路经济带建设不仅带动了中国内陆发展，同时海上丝绸之路也在强化中国与外国的联系。我们所能够实现的不仅仅是政策沟通、设施联通、贸易畅通、资金融通、民心相通，更重要的是全方位推进中国经济社会高质量发展。

Secondly, China’s basicnational status is that we are in and will still be in the primary stage ofsocialism for a long time. When the Silk Road in the new era set up a bridgebetween us and the rest of the world, we hope to see a fast-growing China. Theconstruction of the Silk Road Economic Belt in the new era not only promotedthe development of Mainland China, but the Maritime Silk Road also strengthenedthe relationship between China and foreign countries. What we can achieve isnot only restricted to policy communication, facility connectivity, tradesmoothness, finance exchanges, and people's understanding. What is moresignificant is to promote China's economic and social development in an all-roundway.

最后我想说的是：中国需要和世界同呼吸、共命运、同发展。外国需要丝绸之路，发展中的中国更需要丝绸之路。当“一带一路”建设得到许多国家支持的时候，中国获得了诸多机遇。在历史面前，在铁铮铮的事实面前，在中华儿女豪情满怀实现中华民族伟大复兴中国梦的实践面前，一个个鲜活的事例无不证明着一个伟大的道理：丝绸之路对中国的影响大！

Finally, what I wantto say is: China needs to stand with the world, share the future, and developtogether. While foreign countries need the Silk Road, particularly, thedeveloping China needs the Silk Road more. When the “Belt and RoadInitiative” was supported by many countries, Chinagained many opportunities. Facing our history, facing the facts, and facing thepractice by Chinese people to realize the great revival of the Chinese nationand the Chinese Dream, all the living examples prove a great truth: the SilkRoad has a great influence on China!

各位辩友，同学们，站在新时代的新起点，让我们在总书记“一带一路”倡议下，保护它，传承它，发扬它，让这条丝绸之路焕发出更加璀璨的光彩，我的发言结束，谢谢大家。

Dear friends,standing at a new starting point of the new era, under the proposal ofpresident Xi Jinping’s “Belt and Road Initiative”, let’s protect the Silk Roads heritage, inherit it, carry it forward, andmake the Silk Road shine more brilliantly. My speech is over, thank you all.

翻译：IICC-X信息中心实习生 西安交通大学 杨文心