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2016年《世界遗产名录》新成员报到了! (三)

摘要: 2016年《世界遗产名录》新成员报到了! (三)来源:BEJ/CLT联合国教科文组织联合国教科文组织7月17日,土耳其伊斯坦布尔——世界遗产委员会第四十次会议将一处7国共有遗产和三处分别位于安提瓜和巴布达、巴西、印度的遗产地录入世界遗产名录。这是安提瓜和巴布达首次拥有世界遗产地。新增的四处世界遗产地(文化遗产和混合遗产) 分别是(按列入顺序排列):1. 对现代主义运动有杰出贡献的勒·柯布西耶建筑作品(阿根廷,比利时,法 ...

2016年《世界遗产名录》新成员报到了! (三)

来源: BEJ/CLT 联合国教科文组织 联合国教科文组织

7月17日,土耳其伊斯坦布尔——世界遗产委员会第四十次会议将一处7国共有遗产和三处分别位于安提瓜和巴布达、巴西、印度的遗产地录入世界遗产名录。这是安提瓜和巴布达首次拥有世界遗产地。


新增的四处世界遗产地(文化遗产和混合遗产) 分别是(按列入顺序排列):


1. 对现代主义运动有杰出贡献的勒·柯布西耶建筑作品(阿根廷,比利时,法国,德国,印度,日本,瑞士)  


该遗产由勒·柯布西耶(Le Corbusier)的十七座建筑作品组成,这一系列跨国建筑分布在7个国家,展现了与以往建筑语言截然不同的发明与创新。这一系列建筑作品的建造时间跨越了半个世纪,勒·柯布西耶将这一历程称之为“耐心的探究”。不论是印度昌迪加(Chandigarh)的国会建筑群(The Complexe du Capitole),日本东京的国立西洋美术馆,阿根廷拉普拉塔(La Plata)的库鲁切特博士宅邸(House of Dr Curutchet),还是法国马赛(Marseille)的公寓大厦(Unité d’habitation),都反映了20世纪的现代运动中如何用建筑技术革新满足社会需求。这批充满创意的杰作亦象征了跨越国界的建筑实践。



Facade Clarté



Detail east facade, UH, Marseille



2. 安提瓜造船厂及其相关考古遗址(安提瓜和巴布达)


该遗产地包含一组格鲁吉亚风格的海军房屋和建筑,它们由墙壁围合。安提瓜岛的港湾又深又窄、四面有高地环绕,造船厂所在自然环境使得其免于飓风侵害,是修复船舶的理想之地。自18世纪末起英国海军开始修建造船厂, 役使数代非洲劳工为此工作。这一遗产地建造之时正值欧洲诸强争夺东加勒比海控制权之时,造船厂的建造初衷则是为了保护当时甘蔗种植者的利益。





3. 潘普利亚(Pampulha)现代建筑群(巴西)


该遗产地是1940年巴西米拉斯吉拉斯州府贝洛奥里藏特的一项卓有远见的花园城市项目的中心。这一集文化休闲于一体的中心坐落于一处人工湖畔,该中心设有赌场、舞厅、高尔夫游艇俱乐部及圣弗朗西斯科.迪阿西斯教堂。建筑师奥斯卡·尼迈耶(Oscar Niemeyer)与一批富有创造力的艺术家携手设计了这一现代建筑群。设计师在设计时大胆探索了混凝土的塑性潜力,试图将建筑、景观设计、雕塑与绘画融为和谐的一体。秉持着现代主义建筑的原则,这一建筑群展现了当地传统、自然气候和环境对现代建筑的影响。



São Francisco de Assis 教堂



舞厅航拍 



4. 干城章嘉峰国家公园(印度)(混合遗产)


该遗产地位于喜马拉雅山脉印度北段锡金邦(State of Sikkim)的心脏地带,包含一系列独特多样的自然景观,如平原、山谷、湖泊、冰川及蔚为壮观被原始森林覆盖的雪山,其中还包括世界第三高峰—干城章嘉峰。这座山脉流传着的神话故事中含有大量的自然元素,如洞穴、河流、湖泊等, 它们亦是锡金原住民崇拜的对象。这些神话故事与实践中承载的神圣内涵也与佛教信仰相结合,构成了锡金人身份认同的基础。




Rheum emodi



KNP高山湖泊





Istanbul, Turkey, 17 July—The World Heritage Committee this morning inscribed four new sites on the World Heritage List: the transnational serial site of The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier, an Outstanding Contribution to the Modern Movement (Argentina, Belgium, France, Germany, India, Japan, Switzerland), along with sites in Antigua and Barbuda, Brazil and India. Today’s inscription gives Angtigua and Barbuda their first World Heritage site.


The new sites, in their order of inscription are:


1. The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier, an Outstanding Contribution to the Modern Movement (Argentina, Belgium, France, Germany, India, Japan, Switzerland)—Chosen from the work of Le Corbusier, the 17 sites comprising this transnational serial property are spread over seven countries and are a testimonial to the invention of a new architectural language that made a break with the past. They were built over a period of a half-century, in the course of what Le Corbusier described as “patient research”. The Complexe du Capitole in Chandigarh (India), the National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo (Japan), the House of Dr Curutchet in La Plata (Argentina) and the Unité d’habitation in Marseille (France) reflect the solutions that the Modern Movement sought to apply during the 20thcentury to the challenges of inventing new architectural techniques to respond to the needs of society. These masterpieces of creative genius also attest to the internationalization of architectural practice across the planet.


2. Antigua Naval Dockyard and Related Archaeological Sites (Antigua and Barbuda)—The site consists of a group of Georgian-style naval buildings and structures, set within a walled enclosure. The natural environment of this side of the island of Antigua, with its deep, narrow bays surrounded by highlands, offered shelter from hurricanes and was ideal for repairing ships. The construction of the Dockyard by the British navy would not have been possible without the labour of generations of enslaved Africans since the end of the 18th century. Its aim was to protect the interests of sugar cane planters at a time when European powers were competing for control of the Eastern Caribbean.


3. Pampulha Modern Ensemble (Brazil)—The Pampulha Modern Ensemble was the centre of a visionary garden city project created in 1940 at Belo Horizonte, the capital of Minas Gerais State. Designed around an artificial lake, this cultural and leisure centre included a casino, a ballroom, the Golf Yacht Club and the São Francisco de Assis church. The buildings were designed by architect Oscar Niemeyer, in collaboration with innovative artists. The Ensemble comprises bold forms that exploit the plastic potential of concrete, while fusing architecture, landscape design, sculpture and painting into a harmonious whole. It reflects the influence of local traditions, the Brazilian climate and natural surroundings on the principles of modern architecture.


4. Khangchendzonga National Park (India) (mixed World Heritage site)

 – Located at the heart of the Himalayan range in northern India (State of Sikkim), the Khangchendzonga National Park includes a unique diversity of plains, valleys, lakes, glaciers and spectacular, snow-capped mountains covered with ancient forests, including the world’s third highest peak, Mount Khangchendzonga. Mythological stories are associated with this mountain and with a great number of natural elements (e.g. caves, rivers, lakes, etc.) that are the object of worship by the indigenous people of Sikkim. The sacred meanings of these stories and practices have been integrated with Buddhist beliefs and constitute the basis for Sikkimese identity.  


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