古代泰尔梅兹包括Qoratepa、Fayaztepa、Zurmala Mortar、Qirq-Qiz、Khakim at-Termiziy、Sultan-Saodat、Kokildor Khonaqo、Djarqurgan Minaret和Kampirtepa。旧泰尔梅兹位于泰尔梅兹西北5公里处，位于阿姆河右岸。总面积为500公顷，由四部分组成：城堡（Qala）、两个shakhristans（城市）和rabad（郊区），这些部分由防御工事分隔开来。城堡上文化层厚度从2米至19米不等。该城兴起于公元前四至三世纪。城市定居点由堡垒构成，在公元前三至二世纪可能被称为Demetriya。在贵霜王朝时期，北巴克特里亚的大型行政和意识形态中心是塔米特城，城内有数座佛教寺院——Fayaztepa和Qoratepa。在九至十世纪至十三世纪初，该城达到繁荣顶峰，成为北图哈里斯坦最大的贸易中心。1220年，蒙古人摧毁了这座城市。十六至十七世纪，该城部分地区得以重建。考古发掘发现了佛教寺院、泰尔梅兹沙阿宫殿、清真寺、金属工人和陶工的建筑、城墙以及经济居住区。苏丹-萨奥达特墓地、科基尔多（Kokildor）的khonaqo、Qirq-Qiz建筑群、哈基姆·阿特-泰尔梅兹（Al-Khakim at-Termiziy）陵墓、Zurmala Mortar、Djarqurgan Minaret、Oq-Ostona Bobo和Kampirtepa均位于古代泰尔梅兹境内。

Description

　　Ancient Termiz includes Qoratepa, Fayaztepa, Zurmala Mortar, Qirq-Qiz, Khakim at-Termiziy, Sultan-Saodat, Kokildor Khonaqo, Djarqurgan Minaret, Kampirtepa. Old Termiz is located in 5 km to the northwest from Termiz, on the right branch of Amudarya River. A total area is 500 hectares consists of four parts, a citadel - Qala, two shakhristans (city) and rabad - the suburb, divided by the fortifications. Capacity of the cultural layers from 2 till 19 m on the citadel. It has arisen in IV - III centuries B.C. The city settlement is formed by the fortress, probably known as Demetriya in III - II centuries B.C. In Kushan period, the large administrative and ideological center of the Northern Bactria was the city of Tarmit with the several Buddhist monasteries - Fayaztepa and Qoratepa. Special blossoming has reached at the IX - X centuries - beginning of XIII century, being the largest trade center-craft of the Northern Toharistan. Mongols destroyed the city in 1220. Partially grows roots in the XVI - XVII centuries. Archeological excavations discovered Buddhist monasteries, palace of Termiz shahs, mosque, buildings of metalworker and potters, walls, economic-inhabited complexes. Necropolis Sultan-Saodat, khonaqo of Kokildor, complex of Qirq-Qiz, the mausoleum Al-Khakim at-Termiziy, Zurmal Mortar, Djarqurgan Minaret, Oq-Ostona Bobo, Kampirtepa are located in the territory of the ancient Termiz.

　夸特帕

位于古特米兹西北郊的科拉特帕佛教寺庙群建于公元前一至四世纪的贵霜王朝时期。科拉特帕的显著特征是，大多数寺庙群既有高台建筑，也有洞穴建筑。高台部分由位于阿万廊周边的露天庭院组成。立面的一部分设有通道，将高台部分与洞穴相连。带有大型砂浆的高台寺庙占据了科拉特帕的北部。考古发现表明，特米兹（即特米兹）与古代世界其他国家存在文化交流。特别是，发现了诸如“khadevaka vihara”（即寺庙沙皇）和“vihara gulavhara”等可辨认的铭文。

　　QORATEPA

　　Buddhist temple complex of Qoratepa erected in the epoch of Kushan to the northwest outskirts of Ancient Termiz in the I-IV centuries B.C. Characteristic features of Qoratepa concludes that majority of temple complexes were included both as overhead and cave constructions. The overhead part consists of open yard, by the perimeter of the located ayvan gallery. In the one part of the facade were situated the passageways, linked the overhead part with the cave. The overhead temple with big mortar has occupied the northern part of Qoratepa. Finds have indicated for the cultural contacts of Termit (Termiz) with other counties of the ancient world. Especially, it has been found the readable inscriptions like "khadevaka vihara", i.e. tsar of the temple and "vihara gulavhara".

FAYAZTEPA

在贵霜帝国、迦腻色迦王朝和胡维什卡王朝的鼎盛时期，乌兹别克斯坦南部地区，包括泰尔米兹，兴建了众多佛教建筑。佛教的传播是各类佛教文化建筑兴建的原因，这些建筑既有地下建筑，也有地上建筑。法雅兹特帕（Fayaztepa）是一座地上寺庙，即桑加拉玛（sangarama），其中央部分形成庭院，周围环绕着走廊，走廊上装饰着珍贵的绘画。小型灰浆池是建筑群的一部分，位于寺庙外部的宽阔庭院中，庭院四周曾有围墙环绕，围墙位于小型基座上。灰浆池直径为3米。圆柱体以略微凸起的轮廓为基础，轮廓与阁楼底部相呼应。顶部凸起的前部由背砖砌成。寺庙建筑群的连接部分是矩形庭院（33x20米），庭院四周环绕着祭祀场所，并设有通往庭院的入口。庭院墙壁上竖立着阿伊万（ayvans），墙壁上绘有绘画。灰浆池前方的建筑尤为宏伟。在这里发现了佛像的底部。根据考古发掘，揭示了整个建筑群的建筑形态，包括寺庙和灰浆池。纪念碑的确切年代提供了丰富的货币材料——公元1至4世纪。

　　The erection of Buddhistic constructions in Termiz and in other South regions of Uzbekistan has been occurred at the flourishing period of Kushan Empire, government of Kanishka and Khuvishka. The expansion of Buddhism was the reason of erection of the various types of Buddhist cultural constructions -underground and overhead, Fayaztepa is overhead temple - sangarama, where the central part formed the yard, surrounded by the gallery, decorated with valuable paintings. Small mortar was a part of the complex, located in the outsides of the temple in the wide yard, once surrounded by the walls on the small podium. The diameter of the mortar is 3 m. The cylindrical body is based on the slightly breasted profiled basing with the contours of attic base. The top-breasted forepart builds up from backed bricks. The connecting-link of the temple complex is the rectangular yard (33x20 m) surrounded from all sides of cult premises with entrance to the yard. Along the walls of the yard were erected ayvans and walls were covered by the paintings. Especially rich premise was erected in front of the mortar. Here was discovered the bottom part of the figure of Buddha. According to the excavation has been revealed the architectural shape of the whole complex, consists of the temple and mortar. The exact date of the monument gives the rich numismatic material - I - IV centuries A.D.

祖马拉佛教纪念碑

祖尔马拉佛教纪念碑——从库珊泰尔米兹的堡垒墙向东北方延伸。这里曾是佛教建筑群的所在地，但在中世纪，这片区域被田野所占据。仅存的主要建筑是一座巨大的灰泥建筑，其立面已不复存在，历经数个世纪的沧桑。目前，这里只剩下一片未成形的山丘，但考古发掘表明，该建筑曾拥有矩形的基座，基座上竖立着圆柱形塔楼，塔楼顶部为圆顶。所有建筑均由土坯砖砌成，基座曾用白色石板铺面，而灰泥建筑的主基座则由染成鲜红色的背砖支撑。灰泥建筑的直径为14.5米，总高度曾达16米，顶部装有“荣誉之伞”。祖尔马拉的建造与伟大的库珊王朝有关，其规模远大于法亚兹特帕灰泥建筑。这表明该建筑在中亚地区的佛教建筑中具有突出价值。

　　ZURMALA MORTAR

　　Buddhist monument of Zurmala - rises up to the northeast from the fortress walls of Kushan Termiz. Once here, in the suburb zone, were seemingly the whole complexes of Buddhist constructions, but at the Medieval centuries, this territory was occupied by the fields. Just the main construction - huge mortar, lacking in its facing transmitted the centuries. At present it only the unformed massif, however, excavations showed that the building had the rectangular pedestal, where was erected cylindrical shaped tower monolith with dome shaped coronation. All laying was erected from adobe bricks, pedestal was once faced with white flag stone, and main base of the mortar - backed bricks, dyed with bright-red color. The diameter of the mortar equal to 14,5 m. the total height reached once 16 m. it was crowned pole with "umbrellas of honor". The erection of Zurmala connected with Great Kushan, and its scale much bigger than Fayaztepa mortar. It shows about the outstanding value of this building in Buddhist construction in the territory of Central Asia.

　　KHAKIM AT-TERMIZIY COMPLEX

　　Architectural complex of Khakim at-Termiziy composed during many centuries in the southwest from the most ancient city citadel. The stately devotee termizian - sufiy of IX century Al-Khakim at-Termiziy buried here. The small mausoleum has been erected above burial of the sheikh. It represents a square by the form of central construction - chartak, with the dome based on four spacious arches and elementary cantilever-cellular angular pendentives. In the interior of the tomb of the wall and dome are covered with rich carved plaster. Under the dome, pass a wide zone of an inscription kufi. The dome is divided by large and small ornamental patterns. Adjacently with the mausoleum, from the northern side is located a small funeral mosque. From here through the open arch was visible the tomb of Khakim at-Termiziy. The mosque looks like three-dome gallery or as though ayvan, turned by three open arches in the small fenced courtyard (is nowadays overlapped), paved in a fur-tree a brick put on the edge. In the center of the western wall of the mosque is mihrab. Mihrab is reveted with the unbaked brick laid in pairs. The letters of Kufian script are laid out from the bricks. The rests of the carved piece preserved on the walls, with the little different character, than in the mausoleum. The panel designed with cramped stellar girih. Another small mausoleum is erected from the east part of the tomb in XII century. Monumental khanaka erected in the northwest part of ensemble at the beginning of the XV century (1405-1409). It is a square shape, has deep arches on the axes. The spacious dome erected by the typical termizian architecture. This building with simple and strong forms is spacious from the inside and monumentally from outside

QIRQ-QIZ杂岩

“Qirq-Qiz”意为“四十少女”，与中亚地区广泛流传的关于生活在加固城堡中的女战士们的传说有关。Qirq-Qiz位于早期中世纪泰尔梅兹的加固城堡外，位于该地区的乡村地带，在上个世纪被称为“沙赫里·萨曼”；其名称与萨曼尼德王朝有着偶然的联系。该建筑采用严格的中心布局，呈方形（54x54），由拱形走廊巧妙地分割成轴线，这些走廊通向中央方形庭院（11.5x11.5），从庭院可通往众多房间。这些房间分为两层，位于建筑物的四个区域，由狭窄的拱形门厅隔开。Qirq-Qiz的房间总数达到五十间，包括长方形房间、走廊和宽敞的三柱大厅——很可能是客厅“mehmonhona”（猜测室）。建筑物的角落两侧是空心圆塔。建筑采用土坯砖作为建筑材料。在内部，Qirq-Qiz以各种由砖砌成的拱形系统为特色。内部装饰细节并不丰富。建筑节奏主要应用于窗孔和壁龛的装饰，以各种图案拱的形式呈现。Qirq-Qiz的特点是将古老的伊斯兰前传统与因其他时代的影响而产生的新的选择相结合。其布局设计让人联想到早期的封建城堡——keshki。　

　QIRQ-QIZ COMPLEX

　　Building of Qirq-Qiz means «Forty maidens»; a national rumor connects with legend widely widespread in Central Asia on the girls-amazons living in the strengthened castle. Qirq-Qiz is located in outside of the strengthening earlier medieval of Termez, on the country grounds, in district; that called Shahri Saman in the last century; in the name of which is not casually embodied connection with the dynasty of Samanids. The building has strictly central composition. It is a square form (54х54), cross wisely dismembered on axes by vaulted corridors, which lead to the central square courtyard (11,5х11,5) from which there was an access to the numerous premises. They settled down in two floors in four sectors of the building captured by the narrow vaulted lobbies. The total number of premises of Qirq-Qiz reached fifty - here were rectangular rooms, corridors, and extensive three tristylous hall - probably, a drawing room - mehmonhona (guess room). Corners of the building are flanked hollow round towers. Adobe brick has used as the material of construction. In interiors, Qirq-Qiz amazes a variety of the vaulted systems erected from adobe of brick. Decoration of interiors is not rich by details. The architectural rhythm mainly used in the decoration of window apertures and niches, issued in the form of various figured arched. Combination of old pre-Islamic traditions and new selections caused by inquiries of other epoch is characteristic for Qirq-Qiz. Isolation of the composition remind earlier feudal castles - keshki.

　　SULTON-SAODAT COMPLEX

　　Sulton-Saodat - the large architectural ensemble, is located in territory, where has been developed after mongolian Termiz. Sulton-Saodat is a group of occurring at different time family tombs Termizian Seyidov and cult buildings, which represent original and complete ensemble. Its initial base is made with the southwest part. It includes two mausoleums, which are connected with the deep arch. Researches showed structures of the lump sum and are dated XI century. Interiors of both mausoleums square, but their external dimensions are a little bit different. Development of their main facades is identical: a socle, above it - three arch niches in U-shaped frames, with the arches based on three-quarter columns and a parapet above. The portal of the central arch uniting the mausoleums, towers above the top line of their parapets behind which were raised ledged skufi lancet domes of both tombs. The deep space under the arch served funeral as the mosque. Outside and in interiors in the constructions of ensemble dominated a warm, pink texture backed brick. All other facades have the smooth texture. The interior of the first mausoleum is issued more front with the dismembered arch niches. A brick executes all surfaces of walls. Decoration of the second mausoleum is easier, its walls smooth. Eight pendentives that deduced «in pine» it is similar to the first. In the initial architectural composition, the family tomb Termiz Seyid is represented as pair the mausoleums interconnected opened aside courtyard portal-vaulted ayvan. This composition has served as the typological scheme for the subsequent constructions of ensemble. First buildings appeared in second half of the XV century. In the final composition of Sulton-Saodat is perceived as ensemble of the buildings grouped on the perimeter of very long narrow corridor, with the main relic underlined by the harmonious portal and massive domes in depth.

　科基尔多·库纳科

科基尔多尔是十六世纪的一座宏伟建筑。根据其功能，它是一座陵墓-khonaqo，其原始规划为：大门敞开，门廊呈半八面体形状；从门廊轴向进入大厅，可进入中央房间和两条侧廊，再由此进入由两个房间组成的区域。主立面的形式和构造——纪念碑“发达构图”的展现——在正面和横截面轴线上占据主导地位。立面、门拱和内部的装饰中融入了众多壁龛和矩形、五面体壁龛。科基尔多尔的拱顶系统独具匠心。它们在由铸铁制成的悬挑穹顶组合网格上呈现出装饰性的拱门、穹顶和半穹顶。这座纪念碑作为一座独立的建筑而建造，在建筑群中浑然一体，因此门廊的比例和谐，房间和壁龛的天花板设计也各具特色。

　　KOKILDOR KHONAQO

　　Kokildor is a monumental construction of the XVI century. According to the its function, it was the mausoleum-khonaqo, with the original plan: widely open the niche of the portal has semi octahedron form; axial pass from it conducts into dahlid - a lobby, it is possible to get in the central room and in two lateral corridors, from here, which unites by  two rooms. By form and construction of the main facade - disclosing of the monument «the developed composition» dominates over front and on a cross-section axis. Numerous niches and niche the rectangular and pentahedral plan are entered in the decoration of this facade, the portal arch and interiors. Vaulted systems are original in Kokildor. They represent the decorative arches, domes and semi dome on the combined grid of the pendentives executed from cast ganch. The monument was created as an independent building completed in an architectural ensemble and consequently so proportions of portal are harmonious in it and various development of plafond of rooms and niches.

　贾尔古尔甘尖塔

宣礼塔代表了一种由背砖砌成的垂直柱形建筑。其底部呈八面体。每侧顶部均刻有铭文，从中发现宣礼塔建于公元1108-1109年（穆斯林历502年），由建筑大师阿里·穆罕默德·萨尔赫在阿米尔·胡罗松的命令下建造，随后成为胡罗松的统治者，也是著名的历史人物苏丹·桑贾尔。面的其他部分则以几何图形装饰。每个面的平均部分都设有半圆形的拱顶，形状为拱形。从八面体的基座部分开始，宣礼塔的主体以16个半圆形的轮廓形式排列，最后以尖顶小弧线结束。拱顶上方是宽阔的铭文区，周围是装饰性的檐口。从铭文区的顶部开始，是下一节，由16个半圆形组成。在半圆形的装饰中，采用了水平和垂直排列砖块的排版马赛克技术。

　　DJARQURGAN MINARET

　　The minaret represents vertical column shaped construction that has been laid out from backed brick. It is an octahedron in the basis. On the top part of each side are located inscriptions from which was discovered that minaret constructed in 1108-1109 A.D. (502 Muslim calendar) the master architect Ali Muhammad Sarh, under Amir Khuroson's order, subsequently become governor of Khuroson and the known historic figure Sulton Sanjar. Other parts of the facet are decorated by geometrical figure. In an average part of each facets are located semi circle with the shape of bay arch completions. From the level of top of the socle part of the octahedron begins the trunk of the minaret has been laid out in the form of 16 plaits semi circle of the outline, which then comes to the end by lancet small arcs. Above arches passes the wide zone of an inscription framed decorative corbels. From the top level of zone begins the next section from 16 plaits. In the decoration of the plaits was applied the typesetting mosaic techniques from horizontal and vertically set bricks.

　OQ-OSTONA波波

这座陵墓坐落于一片广阔而古老的墓地上，是为纪念先知穆罕默德的助手阿布-胡库拉而建。陵墓采用中心构图，平面呈方形，朝向世界各地。立方体建筑两侧是古尔达斯塔塔，顶部是比例匀称的球形圆锥形穹顶。穹顶的天花板上装饰着带拱门的八面体。内部东北、西北和西南墙上有较深的尖拱形壁龛，壁龛内有两根十二面柱。入口拱门拱顶上的孔洞使带有墓碑的墓室显得更加明亮。立面装饰着带有宽阔垂直接缝的图案砖砌。上层砖砌呈斜坡状。基座、第一圈和两排砖砌由大砖砌成，大砖尺寸分别为45-50厘米和6厘米。平面尺寸为内5.65x5.80米，外9x8.7米。

这座纪念碑在四世纪时经历了一些变化。东南墙被移动，其他立面的低矮部分通过增加大型砖块布局进行了加固。除了东侧外，在角落安装了扶壁塔楼。19世纪，当地大师乌斯托·胡达伊贝尔迪修复了部分被毁坏的圆顶。2002年，纪念碑的建筑得到了修复。立面被重新粉刷，陵墓内部也重新抹灰。

　　OQ-OSTONA BOBO

　　The mausoleum is situated on the territory of large and ancient burial ground and built in honour of the Abu-Khu Khuryra considered as associate of Prophet Mohammed. The mausoleum has centric composition , square in plan and oriented to all World's parts. The cubiform construction is flanked by guldasta towers, and crowned by well-proportioned sphere conical dome. Octahedron with arches is decorating dome's ceiling. North-east, north-west and south-west walls of the interior have rather deep lancet bays with two twelvesided columns. The room with grave stone sagana is lightened by hole in sophit of the entrance arch. Façade are decorated by figured brickwork with wide vertical seams. Upper row of brickwork is sloped. Socle, the first ring and two rows of brickwork made from large bricks with 45-50 cm. and 6 cm. from the part. The plan's size from inside is 5,65x5,80m., outside is 9x8,7m.

　　The monument was suffered some changes in IV centuries. South-east wall was moved, the low parts of other facades were strengthened with a additional layout from large brick. Buttress turrets installed on the corners, except eastern part. Local master Usto Khudayberdy restored partly destroyed dome in XIX century. The building of the monument was restored in2002. The facing of the facade was replaced and the interior of the mausoleum was plastered again. 

　　KAMPIRTEPA

　　Kampirtepa is one of the unique ancient sites of the ancient settlement of Central Asia. It discovered during archeological reconnaissance in Оks valley (Amu Darya) in 1972. Originally, it has been established as a fortress, located at the crossing through Оks by the caravan way from Baktria to Sogd. Kampirtepa consists of strengthened and not strengthened parts. As a result of archeological researches is established, that Kampirtepa was known in the history in the antiquity Greek ferry (Pandaheyon, Pardagvi), mentioned Khafizi-Abru. Archeological excavations except for set monetary treasures revealed the monuments of four writings - Greek, Bactrian, Brahma and unknown letter. Among these, an outstanding value has opening the oldest Baktrian manuscripts on the papyrus, dated at the end of the I - beginning II centuries A.D., that makes them in general by the most ancient hand-written texts ever found in Central Asia. According to researches was revealed three historical periods of formation Kampirtepa:

1. Greek-Bactrian period - time of occurrence of fortress on the place of the future citadel (III-II centuries B.C.)
2. Yuchjiy-Kushan period - time pure habitation of citadel (II-I centuries B.C.)
3. Great Kushan period - time of intensive construction and formation of powerful fortress (I-middle II centuries B.C.)

　　Kampirtepa is a bright example of the development of culture, trade, development of town planning in antique and late antique periods of history of Central Asia.